上海交通大学学报(医学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1580-1586.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.006

• 临床护理专题 • 上一篇    

ICU老年患者术后谵妄发生的特征及影响因素分析

吴志山1(), 黄润2, 梁丽萍3, 朱宇婷2, 郑乔木1, 姜丽萍4()   

  1. 1.上海交通大学护理学院,上海 200025
    2.上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科,上海 200092
    3.上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院老年科,上海 200092
    4.上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院护理部,上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-18 出版日期:2021-07-12 发布日期:2021-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 姜丽萍 E-mail:zhishan0110@163.com;13868311990@163.com
  • 作者简介:吴志山(1994—),男,硕士生;电子信箱:zhishan0110@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海交通大学护理高原学科建设项目(Hlgy1801sjk)

Characteristics and influencing factors of postoperative delirium among elderly patients in intensive care unit

Zhi-shan WU1(), Run HUANG2, Li-ping LIANG3, Yu-ting ZHU2, Qiao-mu ZHENG1, Li-ping JIANG4()   

  1. 1.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai 200025, China
    2.Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
    3.Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
    4.Department of Nursing, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2020-12-18 Online:2021-07-12 Published:2021-07-12
  • Contact: Li-ping JIANG E-mail:zhishan0110@163.com;13868311990@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University Nursing Discipline Construction Project(Hlgy1801sjk)

摘要:

目的·了解重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)老年患者术后谵妄发生的特征并分析其影响因素。方法·采用方便抽样法,选取2020年5月—9月入住上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科ICU的老年术后患者作为研究对象。采用ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method-ICU,CAM-ICU)对患者进行谵妄评估。从患者手术结束转入ICU后开始评估,至术后第7日或转出ICU停止评估,记录患者谵妄发生情况。收集患者人口学及临床相关资料,并采用单因素分析和Logistic多因素回归分析探讨ICU老年患者术后谵妄的影响因素。结果·共纳入343例患者,103例发生术后谵妄,发生率为30.03%。谵妄发生时间在手术结束后7.5~130.0 h,平均为(47.4±29.7)h,中位数为35.5(23.0,61.0)h。谵妄发生在全天各时间段内分布均匀,仅术后24 h内谵妄昼夜发生时间存在集中趋势,高发时间为上午11:53,其他时间发生的谵妄昼夜分布无显著集中趋势。谵妄持续时间为6.5~131.0 h,平均为(32.4±28.1)h,中位数为20.5(14.0,45.0)h。单因素分析显示,谵妄组和无谵妄组患者的性别、糖尿病史、心功能分级、美国麻醉医师协会 (American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)麻醉分级、术中资料(手术时长、出血量、体外循环、低血压)、术后资料(机械通气、氧合指数)等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ASA分级、术中低血压、术中体外循环对ICU老年患者术后谵妄有显著影响(均P<0.05)。结论·ICU老年患者术后谵妄发生率高,ASA分级高、术中低血压及术中体外循环是术后谵妄发生的影响因素。医护人员应了解其发生的特征及影响因素,加强谵妄评估并及时实施防治措施,以降低谵妄发生率、缩短谵妄持续时间。

关键词: 术后谵妄, 重症监护病房, 老年人, 特征分析, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective·To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of postoperative delirium among elderly patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods·The convenience sampling method was used to select cardiothoracic surgical ICU patients after operation in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May to September 2020. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) and the assessment was performed until ICU discharge or for a maximum of 7 d, whichever occurred first. Patients′ demographics and clinical data were collected. The influencing factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression.

Results·A total of 343 patients were included for this study and 103 developed postoperative delirium, with an incidence of 30.03%. All the delirium occurred within 7.5?130.0 h after operation, with a mean of (47.4±29.7) h and a median of 35.5(23.0, 61.0) h. On the whole, delirium uniformly distributed throughout the day. Only the delirium that occurred within 24 h after surgery showed a central tendency with the high-incidence time at 11:53 am while the others did not. Delirium duration lasted 6.5?131.0 h, with a mean of (32.4±28.1) h and a median of 20.5(14.0, 45.0) h. Comparison of the characteristics of patients in the delirium group and non-delirium group showed that there were statistical differences in gender, history of diabetes, heart function classification, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative hypotension, postoperative mechanical ventilation and postoperative oxygenation index. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ASA classification, intraoperative hypotension and cardiopulmonary bypass had significant influence on postoperative delirium (all P<0.05).

Conclusion·The incidence of postoperative delirium is high among elderly patients who are admitted in ICU after operation. Higher ASA classification, intraoperative hypotension and cardiopulmonary bypass are influencing factors of delirium. To reduce delirium occurrence and shorten its duration, medical staff should understand the characteristics and influencing factors of postoperative delirium, evaluate delirium and implement preventive interventions.

Key words: postoperative delirium, intensive care unit (ICU), the aged, characteristic analysis, influencing factor

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