Objective  To analyze influencing factors on duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospitalized patients. Methods  The clinical data of hospitalized patients who received PN for more than 3 d were collected. General information (age, gender, height, body weight, diagnosis, surgery, mechanical ventilation, and chronic metabolic diseases), blood biochemical indexes (blood routine, fast blood sugar, liver function, kidney function, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium before PN), and PN related indexes (duration, blood sugar when infusion of PN, daily calorie and protein supplementation) were recorded and the calorie goal was calculated by Schofield equation. Results  The clinical data of 643 hospitalized patients who received PN were collected. Among them, 423 were males and 220 were females. The median duration of PN was 8 d (3-370 d) and 72.8% of patients underwent total fasting. The results of multivariate variance analysis showed that history of cardiovascular diseases, mechanical ventilation, blood gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level, and average daily calorie supplement (<75% energy goal) were influencing factors of PN duration. Conclusion  Cardiovascular diseases, mechanical ventilation, high gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level, and low average daily calorie supplement can lengthen the PN duration.