Recently the incidence of female infertility is on the rise. The variable and complicated caof infertility makes it difficult to diagnose in clinical practise. The relationship between vaginal flora and host immune system plays a vital role in female physiological function. Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis may be related to all kinds of infertility, such as tube infertility, endometriosis, anovulatory infertility and idiopathic infertility. In other words, vaginal microbiota dysbiosis may take part in the infertile process. For now the mechanism is far clear. Some scientists suppose that Lactobacillus deficiency, chronic inflamationandlow estrogen levelmight get involved inthispathophysiological progression,which needs to be studied in the furture.