Schizophrenia is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder with an estimated heritability of around 80%, but the exact nature and function of genetic components, and genetic mechanisms have not yet been revealed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs which are widely expressed in the central nervous system. They regulate gene transcription in various ways, and participate in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, many studies have reported that lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in patients with schizophrenia and momodels, which played an important role in this disorder. This review described the biological characteristics and gene regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs, and the role of lncRNAs in the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.