Objective · To compare vitamin D levels in the patients with menstrually related migraine and those with non-menstrual migraine. Methods · A total of 100 patients with menstrually related migraine were enrolled as case group, and 100 patients with non-menstrual migraine were matched as control group in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, June 2017 to June 2018. The patients’ information was collected and serum vitamin D levels were measured. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the differences between the groups, and Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the relationship between menstrually related migraine and vitamin D levels. Results · Vitamin D levels were lower in case group than those in control group [(13.48±5.02) ng/mL vs (14.93±4.94) ng/mL, P0.042]. There were no statistically significant differences in other indexes between the groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with vitamin D less than 10 ng/mL were more likely to have menstrually related migraine than those with vitamin D more than 20 ng/ml (OR3.656, 95% CI 1.382-9.672，P0.009). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics and vitamin D levels between the patients with migraine occurring in premenstrual period and menstrual period (P>0.05). Conclusion · Low vitamin D levels may be associated with menstrually related migraine, but not with its occurrence in premenstrual or menstrual period. [Key words]migraine; menstrually related; vitamin D