Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science) >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 1: 131 - 136

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.01.015

Review

Progress of olfactory changes in metabolic diseases and the mechanisms

  • Qian WU ,
  • Huating LI
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  • 1.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
    2.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
LI Huating, E-mail: huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.

Received date: 2023-05-31

  Accepted date: 2023-12-05

  Online published: 2024-01-28

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars(82022012);"Two-hundred Talents" Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(20191830);Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMU-ZDCX20212700);Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases(2022ZZ01002);Educational Informatization Teaching Practice Community Project in 2021

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Abstract

Metabolic disorders, characterized by a complex pathogenesis, are experiencing a rising prevalence globally and a trend toward younger populations, making them a significant public health concern. Olfaction, a crucial sensory function, plays a pivotal role in an individual′s nutrition and quality of life. There is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and olfactory function. Olfaction is influenced by nutritional status; simultaneously, it plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, individuals with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit olfactory dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying olfactory changes in metabolic disorders involve alterations in metabolic states such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These changes can lead to dysregulation of peptide hormones, adipocyte factors, and neurotransmitters, which may potentially act as mediators between metabolic disorders and olfactory dysfunction. Vascular and neural alterations resulting from metabolic disorders can directly damage olfactory nerves or induce abnormal neural transmission. Furthermore, dysbiosis in the gut microbiota induced by metabolic disorders is a potential mechanism for olfactory dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is a significant complication of metabolic disorders. Olfactory dysfunction can serve as an early clinical manifestation of cognitive impairment and contributes to early identification and assessment of diseases. This article reviews recent researches on the relationship between metabolic diseases and olfactory changes and the potential mechanisms.

Key words： obesity; diabetes mellitus; olfactory function; metabolic diseases; cognitive impairment

Cite this article

Qian WU , Huating LI . Progress of olfactory changes in metabolic diseases and the mechanisms[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2024 , 44(1) : 131 -136 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.01.015

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