Objective To evaluate the operative method and clinical outcomes of the emergency treatment of distal tibial open fracture combined with fibula fracture through single lateral approach. Methods Thirty-six patients with distal tibial open fracture combined with fibula fracture underwent emergency treatment. After emergency debridement, all patients were treated with plate fixation of fibular and limited internal fixation of tibia through single lateral approach, as well as spanankle external fixation when necessary. The original open wounds were closed by direct suture or in situ skin graft after fracture fixation. The injured limbs were stabilized with plaster external fixation. Results Patients were followed up for 8 to 36 months (20 months in average). Thirty-four patients (94.4%) experienced fracture healing, with healing time of 3 to 18 months (5.8 months in average), and delayed union occurred in 5 patients (13.9%). Nonunion occurred in 2 patients (5.6%). Postoperative skin necrosis occurred in 14 patients(38.9%), among whom 2(5.6%) experienced wound infection. According to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical rating scales, the total excellent and good rate was 80.6%. Conclusion Emergency treatment of distal tibial open fracture combined with fibula fracture through single lateral approach is contributive to fracture reduction and fixation, and can promote the healing of fractures.