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Research progress and development trend of lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot Jiyu HAN, Yanhong WANG, Daqian WAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2022, 42 (2): 241-246.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.02.017 Abstract （1709）   HTML （467）    PDF（pc） （917KB）（1502）       Knowledge map    Save Lower limb motor dysfunction caused by various causes is an important public health problem in the world today. Lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot is a new type of wearable bionic device, which is mainly used to realize the standing and walking of patients with lower extremity motor dysfunction. It is a hot research topic in rehabilitation medicine at present. By reviewing the history of lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot, some breakthroughs and developments are found to have been made in this field in recent years. In the future, if we can overcome the technical problems such as portability, intelligence and modularization, it will be possible to maximize the recovery of patients with lower limb dysfunction. In this paper, the key technologies and clinical applications of wearable lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot are reviewed comprehensively, and new prospects for the research and development in this field are proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in resilience research Shuang-yi CHEN, Jian-yin QIU JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (10): 1397-1400.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.10.021 Abstract （936）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （773KB）（1113）       Knowledge map    Save Resilience refers to the dynamic process of individual's positive adaptation to adversity, which is closely related to the symptoms of mental disorders and can be improved through intervention. This paper reviews the definition, evaluation method and intervention of resilience, and proposes that resilience can be used as an indicator of mental disorders related to stressor exposure, which has certain reference significance for improving individual resilience and promoting individual mental health development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of clinical application of peripheral neuropathy scales Qun-feng WANG, Li CAO, Xing-hua LUAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (11): 1518-1523.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.11.018 Abstract （883）   HTML （90）    PDF（pc） （867KB）（1123）       Knowledge map    Save Peripheral neuropathy (PN) refers to a group of diseases caused by the dysfunction and structural changes of peripheral motor, sensory and autonomic nerves. Scales for screening and assessing PN are continuously being used in clinical practice. This article summarizes PN score scales for four kinds of PN, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic PN and neuropathic pain, aiming to improve medical staff's understanding and application ability of the PN assessment scale. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal analysis of incidence rate of syphilis in China Ting-ting TIAN, Ya-xuan HOU, Yu-qing LI, Hong-jiao QI, Mo CHEN, Mei-xia LÜ JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 648-652.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.015 Abstract （1466）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （1308KB）（1349）       Knowledge map    Save ·To get the spatio-temporal distribution of the syphilis epidemic in 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions of the mainland of China in 2017. ·The data of syphilis incidence in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the mainland of China in 2017 were obtained from the China Public Health Science Data Center, and the time distrbution characteristics of the incidence rates were described. The global Moran′s I index and Anselin local Moran′s I index were used to analyze the spatial cluster characteristics of the syphilis cases, and then space-time scan analysis based on Poisson distribution was used to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. ·In 2017, the number of syphilis cases in the 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of the mainland of China was 475 860, and the incidence rate was 34.49/100 000. Latent syphilis accounted for most of the cases, reaching 76.78% (365 353/475 860). August had the highest incidence rate. For the spatial distribution, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was the provincial-level unit with the highest incidence rate of syphilis, reaching 91.80/100 000. The incidence rates of latent, secondary, tertiary, and congenital syphilis appeared with positive spatial autocorrelation (all P<0.05). The high-high clusters of secondary and tertiary syphilis appeared in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang (all P<0.05), respectively, while the high-high clusters of congenital syphilis appeared in Xinjiang and Tibet (P=0.000). The results of space-time scan analysis showed that the main cluster appeared from April to September in Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui, and Guangdong (P=0.000). Compared with the outside area, the relative risk of syphilis in this cluster was 1.59 times. ·The incidence rate of syphilis in China is relatively high. There are differences in the types and periods of syphilis prevention and control among provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. From April to September, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui and Guangdong are the key areas for syphilis prevention and control in the mainland of China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in health risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds among Chinese population Qian YAO, Ying TIAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (6): 803-808.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.06.017 Abstract （1390）   HTML （70）    PDF（pc） （1159KB）（1075）       Knowledge map    Save Perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are a new class of persistent organic pollutants that have attracted wide attention in recent years. With the increasing restrictions on PFAS in Europe and the United States, the production of PFAS is gradually transferring to China. The amount of PFAS used in China is increasing year by year, but there are no strict restrictions on the use of them. Furthermore, the safety limits are heading down in Europe and the United States. Based on the updated safety limits, studies in Chinese population have gradually indicated the potential risk of PFAS. This review summarizes the updated international safety limits, and introduces the research progress in health risk assessment of PFAS exposure in Chinese population according to different sources of exposure (diet, milk, drinking water, dust, atmosphere, placental transfer and comprehensive sources). The existing studies mainly focus on the health risk of PFAS exposure in high PFAS-polluted areas and in sensitive infant population in China, while the health risk of PFAS exposure in general population still needs to be further evaluated. It is necessary to carry out relevant work, which can provide reference for relevant government departments to formulate PFAS control standards and safety limits in line with China's national conditions as soon as possible. In addition, the future assessment research should pay more attention to complex evaluation of various sources of PFAS and the health hazards of PFAS alternatives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a novel mice model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Xiao-nan CHEN, Jun-feng ZHANG, Chang-qian WANG, Hui-li ZHANG JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 565-570.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.002 Abstract （1594）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （2075KB）（1008）       Knowledge map    Save ·To establish a novel mice model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). ·Sixteen 8-week-old SPF grade male and female C57BL/6J mice each were randomly divided into control group or model group (n=8 per group). The model group was given high-fat diet containing 60% fat and drinking water containing 0.5 g/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). The control group was given routine feed and drinking water. The ratio of peak early mitral velocity to peak late mitral velocity (E/A ratio) and the ratio of peak early mitral velocity to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E' ratio) were detected by echocardiography every two weeks to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function. At the 16th week after modeling, the myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were examined by Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. ·HFpEF appeared in the male mice at 8 weeks after high-fat diet and L-NAME administration, with a significant increase in E/A ratio and E/E′ ratio in comparison to the male control group (both P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between male model group and male control group. On the other hand, the female mice fed with high-fat diet and drinking water containing L-NAME also displayed obvious HFpEF after 8 weeks. E/A ratio and E/E' ratio in female model group were significantly higher than those in the female control group (P=0.000, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in LVEF between female model group and female control group. At the 16th week after modeling, both male and female mice still displayed the characteristics of HFpEF. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of male and female model group were significantly higher than those of respective control groups. Male or female mice with HFpEF showed obvious myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis along with left ventricular remodeling. The serum levels of TAG, TC, HDL-Ch and LDL-Ch in the model groups were significantly higher than those in the respective control groups. ·High-fat feeding combined with L-NAME administration can induce HFpEF in both male and female mice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the role and mechanism of lactylation in diseases GE Lingling, HUANG Hongjun, LUO Yan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (3): 374-379.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.03.014 Abstract （814）   HTML （57）    PDF（pc） （1230KB）（719）       Knowledge map    Save Lactic acid is a product of cell respiration. After entering into cells, glucose is metabolized to pyruvate by glycolysis. When the oxygen supply is sufficient, pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A through pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix to participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and provide necessary energy for cells. Pyruvate is catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm to produce lactate while cells are grown under hypoxic conditions. Lactate not only provides energy for mitochondrial respiration, but also plays important roles in inflammatory responser, wound repair, memory formation and neuroprotection as well as tumor growth and metastasis and other pathophysiological processes through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine forms, which affects the development and prognosis of diseases. Epigenetic modification regulates gene replication, transcription and translation by covalently adding or hydrolyzing functional groups on histones and DNA through related enzymes and affects the biological effects of cells. Histones are the major structural proteins of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their post-translational modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, affect their affinity with DNA, change chromatin structures, and are widely involved in regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have found that histones can undergo lactylation, which is a new epigenetic modification by adding lactate to lysine residues on histones. As the research deepens, numerous evidences reveal that lactylation also occurs on non-histone proteins. The discovery of lactylation has expanded our understanding of lactate functions in the pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of lactylation in tumor, inflammatory and neural system diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the research, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of maternal high-fat diet on placental phenotype in mice XU Yidan, ZHANG Qianren, LU Xingyu, DONG Yan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (4): 397-405.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.04.001 Abstract （306）   HTML （386）    PDF（pc） （4365KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Save Objective ·To analyze the effects of maternal high-fat diet on placental phenotype, and investigate the role of placental microenvironment in the intergenerational transmission. Methods ·The 3-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were fed with either the high-fat diet (HFD group) or the control diet (CD group) for 5 weeks before mating and throughout gestation. Placentas and fetal liver tissues were collected from maternal mice after 20 d of gestation. The effects of maternal HFD on the placental inflammation and placental structure were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H-E staining), immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. The lipid deposition levels in fetal livers were also detected. Body weight changes, fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance levels of the 3-week-old weaned mice were also detected. Results ·The body weight of female mice in the HFD group increased significantly, and the liver triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were higher than those in the CD group (all P<0.05). Compared to the CD group, the liver cells of fetus in the HFD group showed steatosis, lipid vacuoles of different sizes, and the content of TAG in the fetal livers in the HFD group increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared to the CD group, the body weight, fasting blood glucose level and the area under the glucose tolerance curve of the 3-week-old weaned mice of the HFD group were increased significantly (all P<0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the placenta in the HFD group were significantly increased (both P<0.05), and the level of IL-1β did not change significantly. In addition, H-E staining of placentas showed that the area proportion of the labyrinth zone (the maternal-fetal exchange area) in the HFD group decreased significantly, which was statistically significant by ImageJ software (P<0.05). The intervascular membrane thickened, and the maternal blood sinuses were narrow. RT-PCR results showed the expressions of placental tight-junction-related protein Zo-1 (zonula occludens 1) and claudin were increased (both P<0.05). Conclusion ·Maternal high-fat diet may result in placental inflammation and abnormal structure, which may be related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in offspring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protocols for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: experience from the TMJ Center of Shanghai Ninth People 's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine ZHANG Shanyong, YANG Chi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2022, 42 (6): 709-716.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.06.003 Abstract （947）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1625KB）（820）       Knowledge map    Save Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is the most common degenerative disease in the temporomandibular joint, mainly manifesting with pain in the joints and the muscles, joint locking, popping, crepitus, and limited mouth opening, which may undermine the quality of patients' life. The main pathological features of TMJOA include chronic synovitis, progressive articular cartilage degeneration, and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. At present, its pathogenesis is still unclear, and abnormal mechanical load, trauma, heredity, metabolism, gender and age can all be regarded as pathogenic factors. Commonly used diagnostic methods for TMJOA include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography [(CT/cone beam CT (CBCT)]. The staging standards of TMJOA mainly include Wilkes staging system and Yang's staging system. The clinical treatment of TMJOA mainly includes two categories: non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment includes health education, psychological consultation, medication, occlusion treatment, etc. Surgical treatment includes arthrocentesis, arthroscopic surgery, disc anchoring, autogenous tissue graft, and total joint replacement. This paper summarizes the diagnosis, staging, surgical treatment and postoperative evaluation of TMJOA on the basis of literature review, and proposes diagnosis and treatment protocols based on the experience of the TMJ Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, so as to provide reference for clinicians. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice for multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: expert consensus of Shanghai Ninth People 's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2020 edition) JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (12): 1669-1675.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.12.018 Abstract （868）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （2556KB）（841）       Knowledge map    Save Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low- to intermediate-grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma occurring in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The high misdiagnosis rate often delays the best treatment opportunity, and the wrong treatment method leads to the high recurrence rate of surgery. Traditional extended resection requires 3?5 cm expansion around the tumor, and the huge tissue defect increases the difficulty of surgery, which is also hard to be accepted. In Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, under the support of the multi-disciplinary treatment group, cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms multi-disciplinary team of accurate diagnosis and treatment normatively conducted treatment of DFSP comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Modified Mohs micrographic surgery was used to remove the tumor while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine expert consensus of diagnosis and treatment of specification of DFSP multidisciplinary specification was formed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ameliorative effects on osteoporosis of small extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells LI Xuran, TAO Shicong, GUO Shangchun Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (4): 406-416.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.04.002 Abstract （316）   HTML （390）    PDF（pc） （7654KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save Objective ·To investigate the effects of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and macrophage polarization in mice, and mouse model of osteoporosis. Methods ·BMSCs were cultured and sEVs were isolated through differential centrifugation. The isolated sEVs were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). RAW264.7 cells were cultured and stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to differentiate the cells into osteoclasts. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and phalloidin staining were performed to assess the effect of sEVs on osteoclast formation. The expression levels of osteoclast marker genes, i.e., cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), cathepsin K (CTSK), and Jun proto-oncogene (c-Jun) were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. To polarize RAW264.7 cells to M1 phenotype, they were cultured with lipopolysaccharides; to polarize them to M2 phenotype, they were cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the effect of sEVs on macrophage polarization. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and TRAP staining were performed to investigate the effect of sEVs on the bone tissues of lumbar vertebrae in osteoporosis mouse models. Results ·TEM and NTA demonstrated that the isolated sEVs had a typical globular structure with a diameter ranging from 30?150 nm. TRAP staining and phalloidin staining showed that BMSC-derived sEVs inhibited the fusion of RAW264.7 cells to form osteoblasts. PCR revealed that sEVs could decrease the expression of CREB, CTSK, and c-Jun (all P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that BMSC-derived sEVs inhibited RAW264.7 macrophages polarization to M1 phenotype and induced RAW264.7 macrophages polarization to M2 phenotype. Micro-CT indicated that the number of trabeculae and the bone volume fraction of lumbar vertebrae were significantly higher in the sEV-intervened group than those in the control group (both P<0.05). TRAP staining revealed a reduction of osteoclast number in the lumbar vertebrae after intervention with sEVs. Conclusion ·The sEVs from human BMSCs can delay bone loss in osteoporosis mice, which may be related to its effects of inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting the polarization of M2 type macrophages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale WANG Zhen, WANG Yuan, WU Zhi-guo, CHEN Dan-dan, CHEN Jue, XIAO Ze-ping    2015, 35 (10): 1448-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2015.10.004 Abstract （3132）      PDF（pc） （468KB）（2449）       Knowledge map    Save ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10).MethodsA total of 272 participants, including patients with depression and obsession and healthy volunteers, were selected and tested by the Chinese version of PSS-10, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Thirty patients were randomly selected and retested by PSS-10 after 2 weeks.ResultsThe overall Cronbachs alpha of the Chinese version of PSS-10 was 0.91 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.69 (P<0.05). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded two factors, i.e. the negative feelings (6 items) and positive feelings (4items). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the fitting of the two factor model was perfect (χ2=44.52，P<0.107). The total score of PSS-10 significantly and positively correlated with scores of both BDI-II and BAI (P<0.01). The differences of scores of PSS-10 of three groups were significant (F=107.6，P<0.01). ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the Chinese version of PSS-10 are good and can be used as a self rating tool to assess the level of perceived stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in metabolism of the immune cells in tumor microenvironment LIN Jiayu, QIN Jiejie, JIANG Lingxi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2022, 42 (8): 1122-1130.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.08.018 Abstract （658）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （2370KB）（692）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolic reprogramming refers to cells' mechanism to change their metabolic patterns in order to meet the increased energy demand caused by growth and proliferation. By way of metabolic reprogramming such as the Warburg effect, tumor cells gain rich energy to support their own survival, growth, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, containing not only tumor cells, but also stromal cells, immune cells, and other components that are closely related to tumor cells. Meanwhile, tumor cells regulate intercellular function and signaling via secreting cytokines, metabolites, and other molecules and shape a commonly hypoxic, acidic, and nutrient-deprived TME which contributes the most to immune resistance. However, rapidly proliferating tumor cells compete for relatively scarce nutrients with immune cells, consequently, producing an immunosuppressive metabolism microenvironment. Under the influence of immunosuppressive TME, immune cells generate tolerance phenotype-related metabolic adaptations through metabolic reprogramming to satisfy their own needs and further perform anti-tumor or immunosuppressive roles. The response of immune cells to tumor cells mainly depends on respective unique metabolic pathways, which are related to the type and function of immune cells. Moreover, the functional properties of immune cells are directly associated with the immunotherapy effects. Regulating metabolic pathways of immune cells provides a great direction for cancer therapy. In this paper, the main metabolic pathways of immune cells in TME is described, the relationship between their metabolic characteristics and immune functions is summarized, and the mechanism of metabolic pathways underlying the functions of immune cells is further discussed, providing new insights for unveiling tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and improving the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflection and exploration of digital chronic disease management based on the proactive health index GAO Xiang, LI Xiaoguang, ZHOU Liang, WANG Hui Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (2): 137-142.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.02.001 Abstract （462）   HTML （51）    PDF（pc） （1672KB）（431）       Knowledge map    Save The disease burden caused by chronic non-communicable diseases continues to grow, with profound implications for public health and socio-economic development. The traditional health management of chronic diseases lacks diagnostic criteria and reasonable intervention time, and the bottleneck of the lack of residents' initiative is increasingly prominent. The construction of proactive health index (PHI) is expected to be an effective means to improve the health management of chronic diseases. As the world enters a critical period of digital transformation, China's health strategy has made clear that technological innovation and information technology should play a leading role in maintaining people's health, and digital health brings strategic opportunities for the development of chronic disease health management. In the context of the development of digital chronic disease prevention and control, this study analyzes the main bottlenecks existing in China's chronic disease health management, clarifies the importance of establishing diagnostic criteria for chronic disease health management, proposes the concept of PHI, and introduces the construction of PHI to solve the key problems of chronic disease health management. The application scenarios of PHI are deployed and prospected from the government side, the family physician side and the public side, in order to provide ideas for improving residents' health management initiative and enhancing the effectiveness of chronic disease health management. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a mouse embryonic stem cell line carrying a reporter of mT-F2A-EGFP based on CRISPR/Cas9n technology WANG Jingyi, WANG Qiong Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)    2023, 43 (4): 417-427.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.04.003 Abstract （198）   HTML （365）    PDF（pc） （4013KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save Objective ·To establish a T-box transcription factor Brachyury (T gene) fluorescence reporter cell line, in which foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A (F2A) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were knocked in at the end of mouse T gene (mT-F2A-EGFP) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by CRISPR/Cas9n (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nickase)-mediated homologous-directed repair (HDR) technology. Methods ·First of all, the specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmid targeting the sequence near the stop codon of the mouse T gene and the plasmid donor containing F2A-EGFP were constructed. These two plasmids were co-delivered into mESCs E14Tg2a (E14) by electroporation. In this way, the desired fluorescent marker EGFP with self-cleaving peptide F2A were introduced into the end of T gene via HDR. Then, the monoclonal cells, obtained after drug selection and verified by sequencing, were induced for differentiation as embryonic bodies (EB), of which the fluorescence signals of mT-F2A-EGFP were monitored by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. These reporter clones were also selected before and after differentiation by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which detected the transcription levels of marker genes determing pluripotency, mesendoderm differentiation or ectoderm differentiation. In addition, the cell cycle and growth curve of these clones were detected. Meanwhile, alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining was used to detect the stem cell characteristics of these candidate clones. Finally, the clone T1 carrying mT-F2A-EGFP was selected for EB differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to sort out EGFP expression cells (EGFP＋) and non-EGFP expressing cells (EGFP－) from the EBs comprising multiple lineage cells upon differentiation, of which cell lineage markers were checked by RT-qPCR. Results ·EGFP was correctly inserted after the T gene in E14, whose fluorescence intensity reflected the expression level of endogenous T without observed side effects. When the fluorescence reporter clone T1 was differentiated, the EGFP+ cells sorted by flow cytometry mainly expressed mesendoderm marker genes. Conclusion ·The establishment of mESC line carrying mT-F2A-EGFP can realize rapid monitoring of the degree of T regulation, and track mesendoderm cells expressing T marker, EGFP in real time during differentiation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in research of interference effect of perfluorinated compounds on sexhormones Zi-xia WANG, Qian YAO, Ying TIAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (4): 540-545.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.04.021 Abstract （484）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1151KB）（727）       Knowledge map    Save Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment and biota. Studies have shown that PFCs have liver-toxicity, immune-toxicity and neuro-toxicity, etc. In recent years, due to an increasing number of studies suggesting that PFCs have endocrine disrupting effects, their reproductive toxicity has attracted much attention, especially their interference with the synthesis and secretion of sex hormone which may induce abnormalities in sexual differentiation and development, reproductive disorders, etc.This article reviews the relationship of PFCs with sex hormone levels and the potential mechanisms from animal toxicology experiments and epidemiological studies, thus providing the theoretical basis for PFCs research in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in animal model of acute lung injury Jing-yi FU, Lei WANG, Yi YANG JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (5): 690-694.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.05.022 Abstract （1054）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（795）       Knowledge map    Save Acute lung injury (ALI) refers to the occurrence of hypoxic respiratory failure and even acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by various factors. The morbidity and fatality rate of ALI are very high, but the research on its pathogenesis and treatment methods has not made much progress. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish animal models to simulate acute lung injury. In this paper, the literature on animal models of ALI in recent years is collected and summarized, and the selection of animal models of acute lung injury and the evaluation methods of lung injury are reviewed, so as to provide reference for the establishment of animal models of ALI. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer Jing-wei LI, Li-wen WANG, Ling-xi JIANG, Qian ZHAN, Hao CHEN, Bai-yong SHEN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2021, 41 (8): 1103-1108.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2021.08.018 Abstract （1437）   HTML （111）    PDF（pc） （908KB）（761）       Knowledge map    Save Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor. The difficulty of early diagnosis and scarcity of effective clinical treatment strategies lead to poor prognosis. Tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer is composed of tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors. TME plays an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumors. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment has significant immune cell infiltration, which is highly immunosuppressive. On the one hand, tumor cells edit the immune system so that cancer cells cannot be recognized by the immune system; on the other hand, they can recruit and activate various immunosuppressive cells such as pancreatic stellate cells, myeloid-derived inhibitory cells, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and so on. These immunosuppressive cells can secrete immunosuppressive molecules, affect the function of anti-tumor immune cells, inhibit the host′s anti-tumor immune response, lead to tumor immune escape, and promote tumor development and metastasis. In this review, the mechanisms and effects of these immunosuppressive components are discussed and the updated results of immunotherapy on pancreatic cancer are studied, which may provide novel insights on TME and immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application progress of machine learning in the study of facial features of patients with depression Xin LI, Qing FAN JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE)    2022, 42 (1): 124-129.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.01.019 Abstract （760）   HTML （50）    PDF（pc） （832KB）（699）       Knowledge map    Save Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness that severely affects the quality of life, accompanied by changes in facial expressions and other behaviors. The current diagnosis for MDD mainly relies on self-reports and observations from doctors, which has subjective errors. There is a lack of objective and effective automated MDD detection methods. Facial expressions are important nonverbal behaviors, and the researchers have begun to use facial features to assist in identifying and diagnosing depression. As the core of artificial intelligence, machine learning has outstanding advantages in image feature extraction and classification. Taking IEEE Xplore database as the data source, this article sorts out the researches on the facial features of MDD patients based on machine learning from 2016 to 2021, and prospects the future research directions, to provide reference for clinical intelligent diagnosis and tracking of MDD in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of data mining in biomedical data analysis GONG Zhu-lin, CHEN Ying, SU Yi, et al    2010, 30 (11): 1420-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2010.11.025 Abstract （2351）      PDF（pc） （3895KB）（3061）       Knowledge map    Save The discipline of data mining emerges with the development of information technology and maturation of methods of data collection, storage and management. This paper introduces the concept of data mining. In addition, it clarifies how data mining and statistics are related in biomedical field. It was also summarized with a variety of application examples of data mining techniques in biomedical research. Furthermore, this paper not only analyzes the present status of biomedical data mining in China, but also points out some problems to be solved and prospects of research in this area. Related Articles | Metrics