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Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science) 2011 Vol.31

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Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells YUE Jiang, LIU Wei, LI Sheng-xian, et al    2011, 31 (1): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.001 Abstract （2034）      PDF（pc） （4906KB）（1637）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets β cell lines (MIN6). Methods MIN6 cells at exponential phase of growth stimulated by glucose (2.8 mmol/L and 16.7 mmol/L) were served as study objectives. Cells were treated by DHEAS (1, 5 and 10 μmol/L) for 10 min and 24 h (1 μmol/L DHEAS group, 5 μmol/L DHEAS group and 10 μmol/L DHEAS group), and DHEAS group (treated by 5 μmol/L DHEAS for 24 h) and DHEAS+RU486 group (treated by 5 μmol/L DHEAS+10 μmol/L glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU486 for 24 h) were divided. Besides, blank control group was established. The insulin secretion in the supernatant was measured by ELISA method, and the expression of insulin mRNA was detected by Real-Time PCR. Results After treatment for 10 min and 24 h, the insulin secretion of MIN6 cells in the supernatant in 5 μmol/L DHEAS group and 10 μmol/L DHEAS group was significantly higher than that in blank control group （P<0.05）. After treatment for 24 h, there was no significant difference in insulin secretion of MIN6 cells in the supernatant between DHEAS+RU486 group and DHEAS group (P>0.05), while both were significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment for 24 h, the expression of insulin mRNA of MIN6 cells in 5 μmol/L DHEAS group and 10 μmol/L DHEAS group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of MIN6 cells could be promoted by DHEAS, which may be mediated by an unidentified nuclear receptor but not glucocorticoid receptor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of TLR3 in oral squamous carcinoma cells and induction of apoptosis by its ligand poly(I:C） LUO Qing-qiong, CHEN Wan-tao, HU Shui-qing, et al    2011, 31 (1): 5-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.002 Abstract （2130）      PDF（pc） （4588KB）（1452）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the biological characteristics of its ligand poly (I:C) in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Methods The expression of TLR3 mRNA and protein in oral squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells and HB cells was detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. CAL-27 cells were treated with 100 μg/mL poly (I:C), cell viability was determined by MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h after stimulation, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Besides, blank controls were established. Results TLR3 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in CAL-27 and HB cells. After treatment by poly (I:C), the viability of CAL-27 cells was significantly lower than that of blank controls at each time point (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate of CAL-27 cells was significantly higher than that of blank controls [(16.67±1.202）% vs (7.00±1.155)%]（P<0.05）. Conclusion TLR3 is highly expressed in oral squamous carcinoma cells, and its ligand poly(I:C) can induce the apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-mediated gene therapy for β-thalassemia TIAN Jing, WANG Feng, XUE Jin-feng, et al    2011, 31 (1): 9-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.003 Abstract （1907）      PDF（pc） （7331KB）（1390）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the transfection of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2) in human hematopoietic stem cells of patients with βthalassemia, and explore the feasibility of ex vivo gene therapy for β-thalassemia. Methods Six BALB/c nude mice pretreated with X-ray were divided into rAAV2-transfected group (n=4) and mock-transfected group (n=2). Isolated human hematopoietic cells from fetus with β-thalassemia major of β41-42/β654 heterozygote were infected or mock infected with rAAV2-β-globin (MOI＝50), and were transplanted into BALB/c nude mice. After transfection for 28 d and 70 d, mice were sacrificed, RT-PCR and allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) were applied to detect the expression of rAAV2-mediated β-globin gene in mouse bone marrow cells, and the levels of β-globin chains in peripheral blood of recipient mice were quantified by HPLC. Results ①The expression of human β-actin and β-globin gene was detected in all recipient mice by RT-PCR. ②By ASPCR, the expression of β41-42 was found in all recipient mice, while β654 in recipient mice on day 70. There was expression of normal β-globin gene mainly from β654 gene in both groups of mice on day 28. However, on day 70,  rAAV-2 mediated normal β-globin gene expression was found only in transfected mice.  ③The human β/α in peripheral blood of transfected mice were 0.328 and 0.325 on 70 d, 144.78% and 142.54% higher than that of mock-transfected mice (0.135). Conclusion rAAV2 vectors genetically modified hematopoietic cells of patients with β-thalassemia major could mediate long-term stable expression of normal β-globin gene in vivo, with significantly elevated expression of β-chains in human erythroid cells in peripheral blood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of fluorescent nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb,Er as imaging media YU Yong-jiang, MA Xiao-rong, YU Guo-peng, et al    2011, 31 (1): 15-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.004 Abstract （2136）      PDF（pc） （8797KB）（1234）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, and verify its safety as imaging media. Methods Mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and primary myoblasts (C2C12) were incubated with different concentrations of NaYF4:Yb,Er (0,10,50,100 and 200 μg/mL). Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and the formation of myotube cells from C2C12 myoblasts was detected. DMEM with NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles were injected into C57BL/6 mice, and liver function and renal function were examined. HE staining was performed for main body organs, and toxicity was detected. Results MTT assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of NaYF4:Yb,Er on NIH/3T3 and C2C12 was positively correlated with incubation dose and time （NIH/3T3: r=0. 974, P<0.05; C2C12: r=0. 996, P<0.05）, while the same result was not found for BMSC (r=-0.218, P>0.05).The formation of myotube cells from C2C12 myoblasts was not significantly affected by incubation with NaYF4:Yb,Er for 48 h. No obvious damage of liver and renal function and main body organs was observed after injection of DMEM with NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles in mice. Conclusion As biological luminescent labels with strong intensity, NaYF4: Yb, Er has less toxicity both in vivo and in vitro to the requirement of imaging, and is an ideal biological imaging media. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in progestin resistance of human endometrial carcinoma xenografts XU Yan-li, WANG Juan, AI Zhi-hong, et al    2011, 31 (1): 21-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.005 Abstract （1890）      PDF（pc） （5998KB）（1449）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish progestin-resistant models of human endometrial carcinoma xenografts, and explore the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in progestin resistance of human endometrial carcinoma xenografts. Methods Thirty-six nude mice were subcutaneously injected with human endometrial carcinoma progestinsensitive Ishikawa cells (n=18) or progestin-insensitive Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells (n=18), and human endometrial carcinoma xenografts were formed. Then, both nude mice treated with Ishikawa cells and Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells were divided into three groups, respectively (n=6), and were managed with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)(MPA group), gefitinib (gefitinib group) and normal saline (control group), respectively. After treatment, wet weight of xenografts was recorded, and the expression of EGFR, progesterone receptor B (PR-B), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, AKT and p-AKT protein in xenograft tissues was detected by Western blotting. Results In nude mice treated with Ishikawa cells, the wet weight of xenografts in MPA group and gefitinib group was 43.0% and 31.5% lower than that in control group, respectively (P<0.05). In nude mice treated with Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells, the wet weight of xenografts in gefitinib group and MPA group was 35.7% and 2.9% lower than that in control group, respectively (P<0.05 and P>0.05). The expression of EGFR protein in xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells was significantly higher than that in xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa cells (P<0.05), while that was opposite for the expression of PR-B protein （P=0.000）. In xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa cells, the expression of PR-B protein in MPA group was significantly lower than that in control group （P<0.01）, while there was no significant difference between gefitinib group and control group （P>0.05）. In xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells, there was no significant difference in the expression of PR-B protein among groups （P>0.05）. In xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa cells, the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT protein in gefitinib group was significantly lower than that in control group and MPA group (P<0.05). In xenograft tissues treated with Ishikawa-pLWERNL cells, the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT protein in gefitinib group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT protein in MPA group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01）. Conclusion The over-expressed EGFR protein can downregulate the expression of PR-B protein in Ishikawa-pLWERNL xenografts, which results in insensitivity to MPA. Gefitinib, the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can effectively inhibit the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT protein, especially in  progestin-insensitive Ishikawa-pLWERNL xenografts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture of mouse satellite cells of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and expression of β-actin ZHU Dao-li, CHEN Pei-lin, WANG Kang-le, et al    2011, 31 (1): 26-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.006 Abstract （2359）      PDF（pc） （6583KB）（1454）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To culture and purify the mouse satellite cells of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in vitro, and detect the expression of β-actin in cells. Methods Skeletal muscle satellite cells of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of ICR mice were purified by collagenase and trypsin digestion and differential adhesion method, and were identified by immunofluorescent antibody cytochemical staining. Total RNA was extracted from the second generation of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the relative expression of β-actin gene with GAPDH as an internal standard. Results The expression of fast- and slow-myosin was positive in satellite cells of gastrocnemius and soleus cultured in vitro, with favorable cell growth and proliferation. The relative expression of β-actin gene in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was 3.71072 and 2.106028, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of β-actin in gastrocnemius is higher than that in soleus muscle, which suggests the expression of β-actin may be related to the types of muscle fibers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Myocardial injury induced by prolonged high-dose propofol infusion in rabbits YANG Zheng-bo, WANG Li, HUAN Xiang, et al    2011, 31 (1): 31-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.007 Abstract （2099）      PDF（pc） （4801KB）（1466）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effect of prolonged high-dose propofol infusion with mechanical ventilation on myocardial injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into propofol group (group P, n=6), isoflurane group (group S, n=6) and isoflurane+10% Intralipid group (group SI, n=6) after tracheal intubation. Propofol was infused in group P, and the infusion velocity was adjusted to the desired sedation level. Isoflurane was inhaled in group S and group SI, and the inhalation concentration was also adjusted to the desired sedation level. The velocity of Intralipid infusion in group SI was the same as that of propofol infusion in group P. The experiment lasted for 36 h or till the animal death. Femoral venous blood samples were taken before propofol infusion and 0, 12, 24 and 36 h during experiment for examinations of biochemical parameters. Myocardial tissues were obtained after experiment for immunohistochemical staining, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）was detected. Results All rabbits in group P were dead, while rabbits in the other two groups survived for at least 36 h. The maximum velocity of propofol infusion in group P was 65 mg·kg-1·h-1. Blood pressure in group P was significantly lower than that in group S and group SI (P<0.05). The levels of triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase at the time points of 12 h, 24 h and 36 h were significantly higher than those at he time point of 0 h in group P (P<0.05). And there were significant differences in levels of creatine kinase between group P and group S or group SI at corresponding time points (P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α in myocardial tissues in group P was significantly higher than that in group S and group SI. Conclusion Prolonged high-dose propofol infusion may cause myocardial injury in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of newborn rat model of obstructive hydrocephalus by kaolin injection WU Shao-feng, YANG Bo, JIN Hui-ming, et al    2011, 31 (1): 35-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.008 Abstract （2216）      PDF（pc） （5242KB）（1463）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish newborn rat model of obstructive hydrocephalus by kaolin suspension injection. Methods The newborn rats (aged 1 d) were injected with kaolin suspension through cistern magna (experiment group, n=40), and saline control group (n=10) and normal control group (n=10) were also established. Rats in experiment group were divided into four subgroups (n=10), and were observed 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after injection, respectively. Rats underwent MRI examinations 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after injection. Space learning and memory ability was assessed with Morris water maze tests when rats aged one month. Results Rats in experiment group exhibited ataxic behaviors such as hunch back and wide based gait. One week after kaolin injection, cerebral ventricle enlargement was observed by MRI in rats of experiment group, and significant cerebral ventricle enlargement and atrophy of cortex parenchyma were revealed at the 4th week. Rats in experiment group could not find platform accurately in Morris water maze tests, and the escape latency of rats in experiment group was significantly longer than that in saline control group and normal control group at the 4th day, 5th day and 6th day of training (P<0.01). Conclusion Kaolin injection through cistern magna can effectively establish rat model of obstructive hydrocephalus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus FAN Wei, TANG Yuan-jia, QU Bo, et al    2011, 31 (1): 39-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.009 Abstract （1908）      PDF（pc） （4454KB）（1363）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA (miR-31) in peripheral blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE). Methods Thirty-six patients with SLE and 23 healthy controls were selected, peripheral ACD anti-coagulation blood was obtained, and the expression of miR-31 was detected by RealTime PCR. The relationship between the expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells and SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI), parameters of degree of renal injury (Renal-SLEDAI score) and clinical medication was analysed. Results The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.001). The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE was negatively correlated with SLEDAI and Renal-SLEDAI score （r=-0.330，P=0.043；r=-0.337，P=0.044）, while no correlation was found between the expression of miR-31 and clinical medication (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-31 in peripheral blood cells of patients with SLE may be related to disease activity and degree of renal injury, and may serve as an important biomarker in the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of SLE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality of life of medical outpatients with anxiety in a general hospital LIN Guo-zhen, FAN Qing, MEI Li, et al    2011, 31 (1): 43-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.010 Abstract （1853）      PDF（pc） （4515KB）（1339）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the quality of life and related factors of medical outpatients with anxiety in a general hospital. Methods One hundred and seven medical outpatients with anxiety in a general hospital were investigated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-24 items and MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The scores of dimensions of SF-36 were compared with the norm of quality of life of citizens in Hangzhou, and the influential factors for quality of life of patients with anxiety were explored with linear stepwise regression analysis. Results Compared with the norm, patients with anxiety scored significantly lower in each dimension of SF-36 (P<0.001), except for physical function. The quality of life of patients with anxiety was negatively correlated to the scores of HAMD and HAMA (P<0.001 and P<0.01), while was positively correlated to the course of disease (P<0.05). Conclusion The quality of life in patients with anxiety in a general hospital is lower than that of the normal population, and may be influenced by the symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as the course of disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between RAC2 genetic polymorphisms and daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity HU Meng, JIANG Hui, XIA Min    2011, 31 (1): 47-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.011 Abstract （1982）      PDF（pc） （5881KB）（1359）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the RAC2 genetic polymorphisms of reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in children with acute leukemia (AL), and explore the relationship between RAC2 genetic polymorphisms and daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods Forty-two children diagnosed as AL with conventional chemotherapy (AL group) and 25 healthy children (normal control group) were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood was obtained, and DNA was extracted. Upstream and downstream fragments of RAC2 genetic polymorphism sites were amplified by PCR, RAC2 genetic polymorphisms of rs13058338 site were detected by gene sequencing, and the distribution frequencies of RAC2 genetic polymorphisms were compared among groups. Results The total positive rate of RAC2 genetic polymorphisms was 19.4%, and there was no significant difference in distribution frequencies between AL group and normal control group (P=0.531). In AL group, there were significant differences in frequencies of RAC2 genetic polymorphisms between high level N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)(>125 pg/mL) group (25.9%, 7/27) and normal level NT-proBNP (0-125 pg/mL) group(0, 0/15) (P=0.035), while there was no significant difference in distribution frequencies between daunomycin accumulated dose 60-120 mg/m2 group (20.0%, 5/25) and daunomycin accumulated dose >120 mg/m2 group (11.8%, 2/17)(P=0.681). In high level NT-proBNP group, there was no significant difference in NT-proBNP levels between 7 children with AT allele and 20 children with TT allele [(276.08±158.60) pg/mL vs (289.64±209.47) pg/mL, P>0.05]. Conclusion There are individual differences in RAC2 genetic polymorphisms; RAC2 genetic polymorphisms may contribute to daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasons for lost to follow-up and control status of metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus WANG Li-hua, LIU Wei, ZHOU Huan, et al    2011, 31 (1): 52-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.012 Abstract （2693）      PDF（pc） （4775KB）（1905）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the reasons for the lost to follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus in a municipal hospital, investigate the control status of related metabolic parameters of patients with diabetes mellitus treated in community hospitals, and analyse the related influential factors. Methods Five hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pudong New Area absent from follow-up of a municipal hospital were selected, and their recent places for treatment, reasons for lost to follow-up and status of blood glucose monitoring were investigated by questionnaire survey. On the basis of results of biochemical examinations and questionnaire survey, the control status of metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in 6 community hospitals in Pudong New Area was evaluated, and the related influential factors were analysed. Results A total of 392 patients (78.4%) finished the questionnaire. The questionnaire survey revealed that 69.1% of patients transferred to community hospitals for further treatment, 87.8% monitored fast blood glucose in the past 6 months, and 44.9% and 20.2% monitored postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), respectively. Among the 900 patients with diabetes mellitus treated in community hospitals, those with HbA1c＜6.5% and systolic/diastolic blood pressure＜130 mmHg/80 mmHg accounted for 18.3% and 17.4%, respectively, and 29.6%, 31.6% and 82.25% of patients had normal levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein, respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated that long disease course, abdominal obesity, low family incomes and low frequency of blood glucose monitoring were related to poor control of blood glucose. Conclusion Comprehensive treatment by municipal and community hospitals may be an effective way to improve the management effect for patients with diabetes mellitus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of nonneoplastic adrenal cystic lesions SUN Fu-kang, JIN Xiao-long, ZHOU Wen-long, et al    2011, 31 (1): 56-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.013 Abstract （1842）      PDF（pc） （5618KB）（1378）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of nonneoplastic cystic lesions such as adrenal cysts and hematomas. Methods One thousand two hundred and fifty samples of adrenal masses resected by Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2000 and October 2009 were retrospectively analysed, and 46 (3.68%) of the cases were confirmed as simple adrenal cysts or hematomas by pathological examinations, and were further analysed. All patients underwent endocrinal examinations and imaging examinations such as B ultrasound, CT, MRI and plain abdominal radiograph plus intravenous pyelography before operation, and pathological diagnosis was made after operation. Results There were no abnormal findings in endocrinal examinations before operation in 46 patients. Thirty cases (65.2%) were diagnosed as adrenal cysts by imaging diagnosis before operation, while the other 16 cases were undetermined. The size of masses ranged between 3.0 cm×2.5 cm to 7.6 cm×8.7 cm. Forty-one patients underwent simple mass resection, and 5 patients experienced mass resection plus partial adrenalectomy. Patients were followed up for 8 months to 9.5 years, and no recurrence was observed. Conclusion Most simple adrenal cysts can be defined by clinical, radiological and laboratory examinations before operation, while some adrenal cysts and hematomas may be wrongly diagnosed as adrenal tumors. The exploration for symptomatic adrenal cystic lesions is needed, and cystic lesions without confirmation should be taken as pheochromocytomas in preparation before operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease SUN Jing, HU Jia-an, XU Zhi-hong, et al    2011, 31 (1): 60-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.014 Abstract （2059）      PDF（pc） （4142KB）（1637）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods One hundred patients with OSAHA were selected, and all completed reflux disease questionnaires (RDQ). Patients were divided into GERD group and non-GERD group according to symptoms of GERD, and GERD symptom score, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body mass index (BMI) were compared between these two groups. Patients were divided into mild OSAHS group, moderate OSAHS group and severe OSAHS group according to the severity of OSAHS, and GERD symptom score, sleep stage and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2) were compared among these three groups. Results The prevalence of GERD in patients with OSAHS were 58%. The symptom score, AHI and BMI of patients with GERD were significantly higher than those of patients without GERD (P<0.05). The number of patients in severe OSAHS group was significantly larger than those in mild OSAHS group and moderate OSAHS group (P<0.05), the degree of anoxia in severe OSAHS group was more severe than that in mild OSAHS group (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in GERD symptom score among these three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion OSAHS is closely related to GERD, and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) combined with antireflux drugs may yield better outcomes for patients with OSAHS and pathological GERD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of depth of burn wound on volume of fluid infusion during shock stage CHEN Zheng-li, YUAN Ke-jian    2011, 31 (1): 64-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.015 Abstract （5107）      PDF（pc） （4240KB）（1461）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the relationship between depth of burn wound and volume of fluid infusion during shock stage. Methods The clinical data of patients with total burn surface area no less than 25% of total body surface area and undergoing fluid infusion by Ruijin resuscitation formula during shock stage were collected. The total burn surface area, full-thickness burn surface area and volumes of fluid infusion in the first and second 24 h after burn were recorded, the ratio of full-thickness burn surface area to burn surface area (full-thickness burn surface area ratio) was calculated, and volumes infused per body weight and burn surface area （VIWB）in the first and second 24 h after burn were obtained. The relationship between full-thickness burn surface area ratio and VIWB was explored, the regression equations were established, and the corrected VIWB in the first and second 24 h after burn were calculated. Results The data of 166 patients were included. Compared with VIWB of patients with superficial burn （n=53）, those of patients with fullthickness burn （n=7） increased 37% and 41% in the first and second 24 h after burn, respectively (P<0.05). Fullthickness burn surface area ratio was significantly positively related to VIWB in the first and second 24 h after burn (R2=0.138, P<0.001; R2=0.108, P<0.001). The regression equations were y=0.537x+1.595 and y=0.314x+0.775. Compared with corrected VIWB in the first and second 24 h after burn of patients with superficial burn, those of patients with full-thickness burn and same burn surface area increased 35% and 41%, respectively. With each 20% increase in full-thickness burn surface area ratio, the corrected VIWB in the first and second 24 h after burn increased 0.1 and 0.06, respectively. Conclusion Full-thickness burn surface area ratio is related to volume of fluid infusion during shock stage, and corrected formula is suitable to VIWB of different depth of burn wound. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stent-assisted angioplasty in treatment of progressive ischemic stroke with atherosclerosis ZHAO Hui, TAO Qing-ling, SUN Xuan, et al    2011, 31 (1): 68-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.016 Abstract （1878）      PDF（pc） （4366KB）（1533）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of stent-assisted angioplasty (SAA) on the progressive ischemic stroke with atherosclerosis. Methods Forty patients with progressive ischemic stroke with large artery atherosclerosis were selected, and were divided into SAA group (n=20) and medication group (n=20). Medication group received conventional treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel, statins and hypotensive drugs. In SAA group, digital subtraction angiography was conducted on the basis of conventional treatment, and balloon dilation and stent-assisted angioplasty were performed for main arteries with severe stenosis and instable plaque. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at enrollment and 21 d after disease onset, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were observed 90 d after treatment, and adverse events during the treatment were recorded. Results The NIHSS score of SAA group was significantly lower than that of medication group 21 d after disease onset (P<0.001). The numbers of patients with 0 to 1 for scores of mRS in SAA group and medication group were 16 and 6, respectively (P=0.001). One case in medication group experienced recurrence of stoke, while no recurrence took place in SAA group. Conclusion Stentassisted angioplasty is a feasible therapy for progressive ischemic stroke with atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast and their relationship with lymph node metastasis WANG Cheng, JI Fu, XU Ming, et al    2011, 31 (1): 72-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.017 Abstract （2274）      PDF（pc） （5251KB）（1358）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of breast, and explore their relationship with lymph node metastasis. Methods The clinical and pathologic features of 61 cases of IMPC of breast were retrospectively analysed, and the relationship between lymph node metastasis and factors such as T staging (tumor size), proportion of components and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration was explored. Results The rate of lymph vascular invasion of IMPC was 73.8%(45/61), and the rate of lymph node metastasis was 75.4%(46/61). There was no significant difference in rates of lymph node metastasis among patients with different T stages (P＞0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference in rates of lymph node metastasis and numbers of lymph node metastasis among different IMPC components in tumor tissues (P＞0.05 for both). However, the rate of lymph node metastasis of patients with IMPC and negative interstitial lymphocytic infiltration (54.2%) was significantly lower than that of patients with IMPC and positive interstitial lymphocytic infiltration (62.2%)(P＜0.05）. The metastatic foci in lymph node were all IMPC components or mainly IMPC components （39/43, 90.7%）. Conclusion Lymph vascular infiltration and regional lymph node metastasis are biological features of IMPC of breast. It is the characteristics of IMPC components instead of the tumor size or amount of IMPC components in the tumor that correlate with the biological behaviors of the tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in normal tension glaucoma ZHOU Xiao-qing, ZHONG Yi-sheng    2011, 31 (1): 76-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.018 Abstract （2141）      PDF（pc） （4598KB）（1438）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Methods Intraocular pressure was measured in 35 patients with normal tension glaucoma (70 eyes) by Goldmann applanation tonometer, at 4-hourly intervals for 2 d (2:00, 6:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, 22:00, 24:00, 4:00, 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00). The data were analyzed by the frequency, curve estimation and general linear model programs of SPSS11.0 software. Results Most patients with normal tension glaucoma had peak intraocular pressure at 12:00 (18.6%) and trough intraocular pressure at 24:00 (22.9%). The percentage of peak intraocular pressure outside clinic hours (8:00 to 16:00) in patients with normal tension glaucoma was 50%, and the amplitude of variance was 2.3 to 9.5 mmHg. There was a strong positive correlation in intraocular pressure between both eyes at each time point, and the diurnal curves of the right and left eyes had parallel profiles in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Conclusion Serial measurement of intraocular pressure can help to avoid the peak and trough intraocular pressure, and may benefit in the management of glaucoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pilot research on health service dilemma for pregnant women in floating population in Shanghai CAI Yu-yang, SHI Li-li, JIANG Xue-qin, et al    2011, 31 (1): 80-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.019 Abstract （1655）      PDF（pc） （4389KB）（1263）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To conduct a pilot research on health care policy for pregnant women in floating population, and explore the means to solve the health service dilemma. Methods The health care policy for pregnant women in floating population in Jiading District which included prenatal examination (three times, 150 RMB) and spontaneous labor (24 h, 800 RMB) was studied. Based on literature analysis and expert interview, system dynamic modeling was applied, and simulation on health care policy for pregnant women in floating population between 2004 and 2014 was conducted. Results The increase in number of pregnant women in floating population from 2004 to 2008 in Jiading District drawn by system dynamic modeling was in line with the data from Jiading District Health Bureau. Simulation on health care policy for pregnant women in floating population between 2004 and 2014 demonstrated that the number of pregnant women in floating population would decrease to 40% of natural population increase if the amount of subsidy was adjusted, and the balance subsidy was 170 RMB. Conclusion Balance subsidy in health care policy for pregnant women in floating population should be gradually reached for the sake of health service development and increase in number of pregnant women in floating population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of prevention and response of clinicians to disputes of adverse drug reactions YAN Zhong-heng, HUANG Deng-xiao, HUANG Qi-min    2011, 31 (1): 84-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.020 Abstract （2100）      PDF（pc） （5293KB）（1298）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the prevention and response of clinicians to disputes of adverse drug reactions (ADR), and explore effective ways for medical institutions to deal with disputes of ADR. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted in 370 clinicians selected from 10 affiliated hospitals of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The questionnaires were composed of two sections. The basic conditions of clinicians were included in one section, and the other section was about a specific survey concerned with the basic concept of ADR, and the recognition and application of prevention measures and methods dealing with ADR disputes. Results A total of 361 questionnaires (97.57%) were recovered, with 347 effective questionnaires (96.12%). Most clinicians were in favor of the commonly adopted prevention measures and methods dealing with ADR disputes. More than 60% of clinicians believed that all the prevention measures to ADR disputes were effective. For the methods dealing with ADR disputes, 37.5% of clinicians were for the measure of “waiving charges”, and more than 60% of clinicians approved the other methods dealing with ADR disputes. Conclusion At present, “standard reporting cases”, “referring to drug manual”, “notification before treatment” and “guidance of clinical pharmacists” are commonly used in medical institutions for the prevention of disputes, and “establishing a uniform and standard process”, “dealing with ADR in the first time” and “making relevant records” are common responses to disputes, while “waiving charges” has a low recognition degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of gene polymorphisms and chemosensitivity for gastric cancer ZHENG Lei-zhen, WANG Zhi-jie    2011, 31 (1): 89-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.021 Abstract （1679）      PDF（pc） （5996KB）（1595）       Knowledge map    Save Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer, with fluorouracil and platinum being the common drugs. However, patients respond differently to the same drugs, the mechanism of which may be important to be clarified to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. This review systematically highlights the relationship between gene polymorphisms and chemosensitivity for gastric cancer according to the latest studies, which may provide evidences for the personalised treatment for gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of promoter methylation of DNA repair related genes and tumor chemoresistance HAN Jing, LI Jiang    2011, 31 (1): 95-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.022 Abstract （2494）      PDF（pc） （4348KB）（1951）       Knowledge map    Save The DNA repair ability of tumor cells is closely correlated with tumor chemosensitivity.  Promoter methylation of DNA may lead to transcriptional inactivation, gene silence and alteration of protein expression of DNA repair related genes, which in turn influences the ability of DNA repair, and therefore leads to the intrinsic and acquired tumor chemoresistance. This article briefly summaries the relationship between tumor chemoresistance and promoter methylation of DNA repair related genes such as O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), human mutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) and Fanconi anemia complementation group F (FANCF). Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of aquaporin-1 and its role in heart YAN Yu-mei, MEI Ju, SUN Kun, et al    2011, 31 (1): 99-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.023 Abstract （1782）      PDF（pc） （5128KB）（1487）       Knowledge map    Save Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), which has a special molecular structure and is regulated by many factors, is the earliest found and most widely distributed aquaporin (AQP). In addition to transporting water, AQP1 may participate in a variety of gas transportation and be involved in cell metastasis process. In heart tissues, AQP1 is mainly expressed in erythrocytes, capillary endothelial cells and myocardial cells. AQP1 is located in cytoplasma membrane of myocardial cells, and may participate in the process of excitation-contraction coupling and transportation of water, which regulates water metabolism in various physiological and pathological process. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation can influence the expression and activity of AQPs, leading to cardiac edema. The investigations of AQPs have important guiding effects in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of trans-differentiation of hepatic oval cells into pancreatic beta cells LI Ying, LU Ying-li    2011, 31 (1): 104-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.024 Abstract （2081）      PDF（pc） （3951KB）（1349）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatic oval cells are pluripotent stem cells, which can be induced to trans-differentiate into pancreatic β cells under certain conditions. Many factors such as diabetes mellitus, extracellular matrix, cytokines and pancreatic islet transcription factor may be involved in the trans-differentiation of hepatic oval cells into pancreatic β cells. This article reviews the influential factors in the trans-differentiation of hepatic oval cells into pancreatic β cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of renin-angiotensin system blockade in treatment of chronic kidney disease LIU Xiao-li, JIN Hui-min    2011, 31 (1): 108-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.025 Abstract （1955）      PDF（pc） （4276KB）（1542）       Knowledge map    Save With the increase of prevalence year by year, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the major diseases that threaten the public health all over the world. Adipose tissues are important resources of cytokines which cause metabolic disorder in CKD. These cytokines can promote inflammation, and lead to uremia-related insulin resistance, which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CKD. Renin-angiotensin system blockade, which slows down the development of CKD by regulation of adipocyte dysfunction, is the classical drug in the treatment of CKD. The research progress of renin-angiotensin system blockade in the treatment of CKD is reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of different antibiotics in management of pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in ICU WANG Gang, HUANG Jie, QIN Shuai, et al    2011, 31 (1): 111-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.026 Abstract （2440）      PDF（pc） （4243KB）（1826）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the efficacy of different antibiotics for the treatment of pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-AB) infection. Methods The clinical characteristics, application of antibiotics and outcomes of 20 patients with severe PDR-AB infection were retrospectively analysed. Results Seven patients were treated with highdose cefoperazone-sulbactam monotherapy (9 to 12 g/d), and the other 13 were managed with cefoperazonesulbactam combined with levofloxacin or minocycline, with the mean course of treatment of (13.3±5.3）d, clinical effective rate of 50.0% and bacteria clearance rate of 35.0%. Five of the 10 patients unresponsive to the initial therapy were administrated with colistin sulfate, with the mean course of treatment of (16.8±5.0）d, clinical effective rate of 80.0% and bacteria clearance rate of 60.0%. For all the 20 patients, the total clinical effective rate was 70.0%, the bacteria clearance rate was 50.0%, and the mortality was 30.0%. Conclusion For the management of PDR-AB infection, highdose cefoperazone-sulbactam with or without minocycline may be effective, and colistin is also viable and safe with a favorable clinical outcome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogenous acellular dermal matrix biomaterial patches in the repair of tissue defects WANG Li-ya, DONG Yan-qing, ZHANG Peng-ju, et al    2011, 31 (1): 115-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.027 Abstract （2375）      PDF（pc） （4018KB）（1374）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the application of allogenous acellular dermal matrix biomaterial patches in the repair of tissue defects of different types and positions in neonates and infants. Methods Allogenous acellular dermal matrix biomaterial patches were used in the repair of tissue defects of different types and positions in neonates and infants. There were 3 patients with abdominal wall defect after bulge excision for giant hilum, 1 patient with abdominal wall defect after abdominal fibroma excision, 1 patient with rectovaginal fistula and 1 patient with coxal skin necrosis caused by necrotizing fasciitis. Results One patient with giant hilum resigned from treatment, and the other 5 patients gained favorable recovery, with no complications. Conclusion Allogenous acellular dermal matrix biomaterial patches may yield good outcomes in the repair of tissue defects of different types and positions in neonates and infants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of polyclonal antibodies of Escherichia coli type Ⅵ secretion system related proteins and detection of secreted proteins SHI Xiao-lei, CHEN Xiao-xi, JIN Rui, et al    2011, 31 (1): 118-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.028 Abstract （1980）      PDF（pc） （6046KB）（1411）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To prepare the polyclonal antibodies of AaiC, CRP and OmpA proteins for the research of function of Escherichia coli （E. coli） type Ⅵ secretion system, and detect the secreted protein AaiC. Methods Target genes were amplified by PCR and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-22b or pQE80, and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 （DE3）. The fusion proteins were induced with IPTG, and were used to immunize New Zealand rabbits to generate polyclonal antibodies after purification. The specificity of polyclonal antibodies was evaluated by Western blotting. Secreted proteins of E. coli RS218 were detected by polyclonal antibodies of protein AaiC. Results The recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed, and the fusion proteins were highly expressed in E. coli. The specificity of polyclonal antibodies of AaiC, CRP and OmpA proteins was confirmed. AaiC antibody detection revealed that RS218 could secret protein AaiC. Conclusion The specific polyclonal antibodies of three recombinant fusion proteins AaiC, CRP and OmpA in E. coli have been successfully generated, and protein AaiC can be secreted by RS218, which can be applied in the research of function of Ⅵ secretion system of E. coli and pathogenesis of E. coli. Related Articles | Metrics

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One case report of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor FU Yu-jie, LIANG Er-kang, SUN Zhi-yong, et al    2011, 31 (1): 122-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.01.029 Abstract （1991）      PDF（pc） （4342KB）（1499）       Knowledge map    Save Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor, which is highly malignant, is rarely occurred. The clinical manifestations, surgical procedures, histopathologic characteristics and prognosis of one case of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor are reported in this paper. It is indicated that adequate extensive resection and adjuvant chemotherapy may increase the survival rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening for phytoestrogens and their anti-skin aging effect in vitro LI Lin, QU Xiao-ting, LU Yang    2011, 31 (10): 1361-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.001 Abstract （2103）      PDF（pc） （6805KB）（1669）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To screen phytoestrogens and investigate their effect on collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts. Methods Sixty-four kinds of plant extracts were screened for phytoestrogens by determining their effect on estrogen receptor (ER)positive MCR-7 cell proliferation with MTT assay. ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells and ER antagonist ICI 182780 were used to validate if the stimulatory effect on MCF-7 cell proliferation was mediated by ER. By using dot blot method, the effect on procollagen-1 (PC-1) synthesis in neonatal foreskin fibroblasts was also assessed. Results Among the selected 64 plant extracts and active fractions, soybean isoflavonoids and the ethanol extracts of Radix Puerariae, Spica Humuli Lupuli, Semen Cassiae, Folium Mori and Radix Glycyrrhizae effectively induced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, but showed no effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, their effect on MCF-7 cell proliferation was inhibited by ICI 182780. Genistein and puerarin significantly increased PC-1 synthesis in skin fibroblasts (P<0.01), and puerarin showed more potent effect than genistein. In contrast, daidzein significantly reduced PC-1 synthesis (P<0.01). Conclusion The extracts of Radix Puerariae and soybean isoflavnoids have relatively potent estrogenic activity. Puerarin and genistein, their main active ingredients, stimulate collagen synthesis of human skin fibroblasts, suggesting their potential anti-wrinkle and anti-skin aging effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of mouse and rat acute exhaustive exercise models and their effects on myocardial ultrastructures YANG Jie, ZHENG Jia-yi, ZHOU Dong-dong, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1366-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.002 Abstract （2436）      PDF（pc） （5460KB）（1587）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the methods of acute exhaustive exercise in mice and rats, and investigate the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on myocardium ultrastructures. Methods Ten healthy C57/black mice and 10 healthy SD rats aged 8 months were divided into control group and exhaustive exercise group respectively. Before acute exhaustive exercise, mice were subjected to adaptive training (treadmill running, 1 time/d, 10 min/time, 15 to 20 m/min) for 2 weeks, and SD rats received adaptive training (treadmill running, 1 time/d, 15 min/time, 20 m/min) for 1 week. Animals in exhaustive exercise group underwent exhaustive running for one time (20 to 25 m/min for mice and 25 to 30 m/min for rats) until they stubbornly refused to exercise with signs of exhaustion. Left ventricular muscles were then obtained for ultrastructure observations with transmission electron microscope. Results After adaptive training in mice for 2 weeks, exhaustion occurred after continuous running for (4 561±2 174) m within (3.6±2.2) h, and the ultrastructures were characterized by myocardial edema, mitochondria cristae swelling and lysis, abnormal high density structures in some mitochondria and increased lysosomes. After adaptive training in rats for 1 week, exhaustion occurred after continuous running for (6 947±1 052) m within (2.3±0.4) h, and the ultrastructures were characterized by myocardial edema, chaotic myofilament arrangement, increased mitochondria density and mitochondria cristae rupture, lysis and vacuolization. Conclusion Acute exhaustive exercise can induce myocardial edema and mitochondrial damage in mice and rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of panaxynol in cultured Caco-2 cells YAN Zhong-hong, LI Lin, WANG Guo-quan, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1370-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.003 Abstract （1648）      PDF（pc） （6698KB）（1266）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify the uptake of panaxynol in cultured Caco-2 cells. Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) with aqueous methanol as the mobile phase, using gradient elution at 0.3 mL/min. A triple-quadruple mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization in positive ion mode was developed, and panaxynol in Caco-2 cells was determined using multiple reaction monitoring of precursor→product ion transitions at m/z 227→129 for quantification and m/z 227→143 for confirmation. Results The established method was validated by determining the linearity (r2>0.99), precision (≤6.2%) and accuracy (－6.7% to 2.1%). The limit of detection for panaxynol was 4 ng/mL. When incubated for 2 h at 37 ℃, the uptake was (20.7±1.8) nmol/mg protein for 50 μmol/L panaxynol and (21.8±1.7) nmol/mg protein for 100 μmol/L panaxynol, and there was no significant difference between them （P>0.05）. Conclusion This method is sensitive, reliable and specific, and can be used in determination of panaxynol in Caco-2 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and algicidal effect of algicidal bacterium strain N25 QIU Xue-ting, QIAN Yu-ting, ZHOU Ren, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1375-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.004 Abstract （2161）      PDF（pc） （7125KB）（1361）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To isolate high efficient algicidal bacteria, and investigate their algicidal effect on Microcystis aeruginosa. Methods Bacteria were isolated from activated sludge, and were inoculated in Microcystis aeruginosa culture fluid. Algicidal bacteria were screened through observation of color of culture fluid and number of Microcystis aeruginosa. Algicidal efficiency was evaluated by calculating the algicidal rates, and high efficient algicidal bacteria were obtained. PCR was employed to sequence 16S rDNA of high efficient algicidal bacteria, and was aligned with the data of Genebank to identify the target bacterium. Transmission electronic microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes in the algae treated with algicidal bacteria for 48 h. Results A strain of algicidal bacterium was isolated from activated sludge samples, which was designated as N25-2 (hereinafter to be referred as N25). It was identified by 16S rDNA that the match rates of N25 with Bacillus SP. and Lysinibacillus fusiformis were both 99%. When the concentration of Microcystis aeruginosa was over 1×106/mL and the concentration of bacteria reached 1×106 cfu/mL, the algicidal rate was higher than 72% within 48 h. Transmission electronic microscopy revealed that there were increased vacuoles, deep staining of polyhedrons and increased phycobilisomes in Microcystis aeruginosa after being treated with N25, and the main morphological changes were plasmolysis and inner structural damage. Conclusion N25 has a high algicidal efficiency, and the algicidal mechanism may be associated with the secretion of bacteria, which needs further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of castration on myocardial structure of male rats SHI Chao, LI Yan-xiang, ZHAI Hua-ling, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1380-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.005 Abstract （1878）      PDF（pc） （6917KB）（1492）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the influence of low androgen on myocardial structure of male rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8), castration group (n=7) and androgen replacement group (n=8). Rats in control group underwent sham castration, those in castration group were castrated, and those in replacement group were given testosterone undecanoate after castration. Ten weeks later, serum concentration of testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay. Pathological changes of myocardial tissues were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results Serum concentration of testosterone in castration group was significantly lower than those in control group and androgen replacement group (P<0.01). Light microscopy revealed that in castration group, there were myocardial swelling, hypertrophy, degeneration and nucleus enlargement, the nuclei significantly enlarged, the myocardial fibers fractured, dissolved, contracted and became wavy, and arranged in disorder. Electron microscopy revealed that in castration group, myocardial fibers arranged irregularly, fractured and dissolved, the glycogen and flat drop between muscle fibers accumulated, mitochondria swelled, most of the ridges in mitochondria were not clear, and the intercalated disk widened. Compared with castration group, the above-mentioned pathological changes in androgen replacement group were significantly lessened. Conclusion Obvious myocardial histopathological injury may occur in male rats after castration, and exogenous testosterone replacement therapy may work in some degree. Low androgen may do harm to myocardium of males. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of calcium silicate, β-tricalcium phosphate and Dycal on proliferation of dental pulp cells JIANG Long, PENG Wei-wei, ZHU Ya-qin    2011, 31 (10): 1384-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.006 Abstract （1698）      PDF（pc） （5499KB）（1364）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the effects of calcium silicate (C3S), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and Dycal on the proliferation of dental pulp cells (DPCs). Methods DPCs were obtained using modified tissue explant technique in vitro. DPCs of the third passage were cultured with material extract fluids containing different mass concentrations of C3S, β-TCP and Dycal for 3 d (different mass concentrations of C3S, β-TCP and Dycal groups), and proliferation-related parameter of optical density [D (490 nm)] was measured by MTT assay. DPCs without culture with material extract fluids were served as negative control group. DPCs of the third passage were cultured with material extract fluids containing 6.25 mg/mL C3S, β-TCP and Dycal respectively (C3S, β-TCP and Dycal groups), those cultured with routine culture fluid were served as control group, and the changes of cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry in each group. Results MTT assay revealed that 3 d after culture, D (490 nm) in different mass concentrations of C3S groups was significantly higher than that in negative control group (P<0.05), D (490 nm) in 0.625 mg/mL group and 6.25 mg/mL group reached the peak, there was no significant difference in D (490 nm) between negative control group and different mass concentrations of C3S groups （P>0.05）, and D (490 nm) in 50 mg/mL Dycal group and 100 mg/mL Dycal group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Flow cytometry demonstrated that 3 d and 6 d after culture, the percents of cells in S+G2 stage in C3S group were significantly higher than those in control group, β-TCP group and Dycal group (P<0.05). Conclusion C3S can promote the proliferation of DPCs. β-TCP does not have significant effect on the proliferation of DPCs, while Dycal inhibits the proliferation of DPCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lentiviral vector-mediated RNAi on expression of CCR5 in CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of mice JIANG Zhao-lei, ZHU Jia-quan, BAO Chun-rong, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1388-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.007 Abstract （2064）      PDF（pc） （6061KB）（1476）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To construct the recombinant lentivirus carrying chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and investigate its effects on the expression of CCR5 mRNA of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells) in peripheral blood of mice. Methods RNA interference (RNAi) target sequence was designed by Ambion RNAi target sequence and references. The target sequence was amplified after transduction into plasmid pBSHH1, and was transducted into FG12 lentiviral vector containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The recombinant lentivirus of CCR5-shRNA was packaged, and the virus titer was determined. The recombinant lentivirus was transducted into CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood of mice, and the transduction efficiency was measured. Then, CD34+ cells transfected with CCR5-shRNA lentivirus were injected into mice, and the expression of CCR5 mRNA was detected by Real-Time PCR after one week. Results The lentivirus was verified to carry both RNAi target sequence and H1 RNA polymerase III gene. CCR5-shRNA lentiviral vector was successfully constructed. The lentiviral infection titer was 5×107 TU/mL. The efficiency of CCR5shRNA lentivirus in transfection of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood of mice was 97.9%. Real-Time PCR revealed that the expression of CCR5 mRNA in CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of mice significantly decreased after CD34+ cells transfected with CCR5-shRNA lentivirus were injected into mice. Conclusion The recombinant CCR5-shRNA lentivirus of high titer is successfully constructed, which effectively reduces the expression of CCR5 mRNA in CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of mice and lays a foundation for the treatment of rejection after organ transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of androgen and high-fat diet on ultrastructures of ovary, pituitary and adrenal in female rats ZHAI Hua-ling, WU Hui, ZHANG Lan, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1393-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.008 Abstract （2151）      PDF（pc） （7496KB）（1228）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effects of androgen and high-fat diet on ultrastructures of ovary, pituitary and adrenal in female SD rats. Methods Twenty-four female SD rats aged 21 d were randomly divided into control group, androgen injection group and androgen injection+high-fat diet group. Eight weeks after treatment, serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, testosterone, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured, and ultrastructures of ovary, pituitary and adrenal were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, testosterone, triglyceride and cholesterol in androgen injection group and androgen injection+high-fat diet group were higher than those in control group. Polycystic changes of ovaries and increasing apoptosis in pituitaries and adrenals were observed in androgen injection group and androgen injection+high-fat diet group, and increasing lipids were found in androgen injection+high-fat diet group. Conclusion Androgen can induce the polycystic ovaries and increase the blood glucose in female rats. Androgen combined with high-fat diet may well meet the modeling requirements for polycystic ovary syndrome in female rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure WANG Fang-yuan, XIE Chao, CHENG Wei-wei, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1398-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.009 Abstract （2509）      PDF（pc） （9075KB）（1136）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish the mouse model of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide at the dose of 75 mg/kg. The general conditions, estrous cycles, serum estrogen (estradiol) levels, morphology of ovarian tissues, changes of numbers of follicles, secretion of anti-Mullerian hormone and tissue fibrosis of mice were observed. Mice without cyclophosphamide injection were served as controls. Results Compared with controls, the serum estrogen level and secretion of anti-Mullerian hormone of ovarian tissues decreased, there were significant stromal hyperplasia and fibrosis in ovarian tissues, and the number of follicles reduced in mice injected with cyclophosphamide. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide may cause obvious ovarian failure, and the changes in reproductive endocrine and ovarian histopathology are similar to those of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in female patients in clinics. It can be used to establish the animal model of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure due to its simplicity, feasibility, high success rate and low mortality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum complementary group D and cytidine deaminase gene and susceptibility to lung cancer ZHOU Min, RONG Xia-jun, GAO Bei-li, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1403-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.010 Abstract （1887）      PDF（pc） （5910KB）（1526）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum complementary group D (XPD) and cytidine deaminase (CDA) gene and susceptibility to lung cancer, and explore the influence of the interaction between smoking and gene polymorphisms on the risk of development of lung cancer. Methods Case-control study was performed on 103 patients with lung cancer and 103 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was employed to determine  the  genotype distribution of XPD exon 10 G→A (Asp312Asn) and 23A→C (Lys751Gln) and that of CDA exon 79A→ C (Lys27Gln) and 208G→ A (Ala70 Thr). Results There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of XPD312 and XPD751 between two groups (P＞0.05). However, smoking in combination with mutation at locus 751 of XPD increased the risk of development of lung cancer (P=0.044), and the risk of development of lung cancer increased 6.13 times with mutations at both loci 312 and 751 of XPD (P=0.047). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of CDA Lys27Gln and CDA Ala70 Thr between two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of XPD and CDA among different pathological types. Conclusion Smoking in combination with mutation at locus 751 of XPD may increase the risk of development of lung cancer, and mutation at both loci 312 and locus 751 of XPD may increase the risk of development of lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of root canal retreatment with micro-ultrasonic technique and warm vertical technique HUANG Yi-feng, HONG Jin, DU Rong, et al    2011, 31 (10): 1409-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2011.10.011 Abstract （2233）      PDF（pc） （4322KB）（1702）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyse the causes of failure in root canal treatment, evaluate the clinical effect of micro-ultrasonic technique on root canal retreatment, and explore the method to improve the success rate of retreatment. Methods A total of 63 patients (82 teeth) who failed in first root canal treatment were selected, and the causes of failure were analysed. Micro-ultrasonic technique was used to clean and expand the root canal, and warm vertical technique was employed to fill the root canal. Patients were reexamined 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, and the success rate of root canal retreatment was calculated. The influencing factors for clinical effect of root canal retreatment were explored with literature review. Results Iatrogenic factors (underfilling, loose filling, root canal missing and broken instrument in root canal) contributed to most (67.07%) of the failure in first root canal retreatment. After 2 years of follow up, the success rate of retreatment was 86.59%, including cure in 48 teeth, improvement in 23 teeth and failure in 11 teeth. Among the 11 teeth with failure in retreatment, 3 were extracted due to tooth fracture or vertical root fracture, and the other 8 exhibited fine root canal filling and enlarged apical shadow on X-ray images or had mucosa swelling and sinus. Conclusion Iatrogenic factors are the major causes for failure in root canal treatment. The success rate of root canal retreatment can be increased by proper management with micro-ultrasonic technique and warm vertical technique. Related Articles | Metrics

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