| NCT03274804［10］ (Ⅰ) | MSS/pMMR mCRC | Pembrolizumab+maraviroc (20) | ORR: 5.3%; mPFS: 2.10 months; mOS: 9.83 months | 5% (hyperglycemia) |
| NCT02407990［13］ (Ⅰ) | Advanced CRC | Tislelizumab (21) | ORR: 14.3% | ‒ |
| NCT03712943［12］ (Ⅰ/Ⅰb) | Refractory, MSS/pMMR mCRC | Nivolumab+regorafenib (51) | mPFS: 4.3 months; mOS: 11.1 months | 51% (hypertension 16%, rash 10% and lymphopenia 8%) |
| CheckMate142［11］ (NCT02060188) (Ⅱ) | First-line treatment intolerance or disease progression, MSI-H/dMMR mCRC | Nivolumab (74) | ORR: 31.1%; PFS rate: 50%; OS rate: 73% (median follow-up was 60.9 months); DDC≥12 weeks: 69% | 20% (lipase elevation 8%, amylase elevation 3%) |
| NCT03150706［7］ (Ⅱ) | Age≥20 years, failure of first-line chemotherapy, MSI-H/dMMR or POLE-mutated mCRC | Avelumab (33) | ORR: 28.6%; DCR: 90.5%; mPFS: 3.9 months; mOS: 13.2 months | 18.20% |
| NCT02873195［16］ (Ⅱ) | Disease progression, 89.4% were MSS/pMMR mCRC | Capecitabine+bevacizumab+atezolizumab (87) vs capecitabine+bevacizumab+placebo (46) | mPFS: 4.4 vs 3.6 months; mOS: 10.2 vs 10.3 months | 61.6% vs 58.7% (skeptical) |
| NCT03186326［17］ (Ⅱ) | Age 18‒75 years, failure of first-line therapy, MSI-H/dMMR mCRC | Avelumab vs second-line theray±targeted therapy | Ongoing | ‒ |
| NCT04561336［18］ (Ⅱ) | Chemotherapy-refractory, wild-type RAS, 92.2% were MSS/pMMR mCRC | Avelumab+cetuximab (77) | mPFS: 3.6 months; mOS: 11.6 months | Rash 14% and diarrhea 4% included |
| NCT03608046［19］ (Ⅱ) | Wild-type BRAFV600E, MSS/pMMR mCRC | Avelumab+cetuximab+irinotecan (10) | mPFS: 4.2 months; mOS: 12.7 months | 0 |
| CheckMate142［22］ (NCT04008030) (Ⅱ) | MSI-H/dMMR mCRC | Nivolumab+low-dose ipilimumab (45) | OS rate at 12, 18 and 24 months were 84.1%, 81.7% and 79.4%; PFS rate at 12, 18 and 24 months were 76.4%, 76.4% and 73.6% | 22% (colitis 4%, respiratory failure 2%) |
| NCT02870920［24］ (Ⅱ) | Refractory CRC | Durvalumab+tremelimumab (118) vs best supportive care (61) | mPFS: 1.8 vs 1.9 months; mOS: 6.6 vs 4.1 months | 62% vs 20% |
| NCT03122509［25］ (Ⅱ) | Chemotherapy-refractory, MSS/pMMR mCRC | Durvalumab+tremelimumab+radiotherapy (24) | ORR: 8.3%; mPFS: 1.8 months; mOS: 11.4 months (median follow-up was 21.8 months) | 25% (diarrhea 13%, colitis 8% and hyperglycemia 8%) |
KEYNOTE-177［8］ (NCT02563002)(Ⅲ) | MSI-H/dMMR mCRC | Pembrolizumab (153) vs mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI (±bevacizumab/cetuximab) (154) | mPFS: 16.5 months; mOS: 8.2 months | 22% (colitis 3%, hepatitis 3%) vs 66% |
| IMblaze370［15］ (NCT02788279)(Ⅲ) | Have received other treatments | Atezolizumab+cobimetinib (183) vs atezolizumab (90) vs regorafenib (90) | mOS: 8.87 vs 7.10 vs 8.51 months | 61% vs 31% vs 58% |