儿童重症支气管哮喘的流行病学特征及危险因素：一项单中心前瞻性队列研究
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王颖雯, 李小玲, 代佳佳, 刘芳, 黄剑峰, 王立波, 张晓波, 冯瑞
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Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of severe asthma in children: a single-center prospective cohort study
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WANG Yingwen, LI Xiaoling, DAI Jiajia, LIU Fang, HUANG Jianfeng, WANG Libo, ZHANG Xiaobo, FENG Rui
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表1 随访第12个月诊断为重症哮喘和非重症哮喘患儿的基线特征 （n=674）
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Tab 1 Baseline characteristics of children diagnosed with severe and non-severe asthma at the 12-month follow-up （n=674）
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| Item | Non-severe asthma (n=622) | Severe asthma (n=52) | Z/χ2 value | P value |
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| Male/n(%) | 419 (67.4) | 37 (71.2) | 0.166 | 0.684 | | Age/year | 9.0 (6.0, 13.0) | 9.0 (6.8, 12.2) | 0.228 | 0.820 | | Age groups/n(%) | | | 0.003 | 0.957 | | 6‒11 years old | 338 (54.3) | 29 (55.8) | | | | 12‒17 years old | 284 (45.7) | 23 (44.2) | | | | Gestational age<37 weeks/n(%) | 33 (5.3) | 5 (9.6) | 0.963 | 0.326 | | Birth weight<2 500 g/n(%) | 59 (9.5) | 6 (11.5) | 0.056 | 0.812 | | Taking vitamin D supplements regularly until 3-year-old/n(%) | 277 (44.5) | 27 (51.9) | 0.781 | 0.377 | | Taking vitamin D supplements regularly during pregnancy/n(%) | 298 (47.9) | 31 (59.6) | 2.184 | 0.139 | | Mother′s age at delivery/year | 29.0 (26.0, 32.0) | 29.0 (27.0, 31.2) | -0.242 | 0.809 | | Breastfeeding≥6 months/n(%) | 333 (53.5) | 10 (19.2) | 21.247 | 0.000 | | Reside in city/n(%) | 539 (86.7) | 46 (88.5) | 0.024 | 0.876 | | Expose to second-hand smoking at home/n(%) | 95 (15.3) | 15 (28.8) | 5.518 | 0.019 | | Long-term use of air conditioning/n(%) | 501 (80.5) | 52 (100.0) | 11.044 | 0.001 | | Annual household income/n(%) | | | 0.349 | 0.840 | | <100 000 CNY | 101 (16.2) | 8 (15.4) | | | | ≥100 000 and <200 000 CNY | 307 (49.4) | 24 (46.2) | | | | ≥200 000 CNY | 214 (34.4) | 20 (38.5) | | | | Educational level of the main household/n(%) | | | 0.067 | 0.796 | | Senior high school or lower | 116 (18.6) | 11 (21.2) | | | | College and above | 506 (81.4) | 41 (78.8) | | | | Comorbidity/n(%) | | | | | | Obesity | 137 (22.0) | 17 (32.7) | 2.522 | 0.112 | | Obstructive sleep apnea | 59 (9.5) | 8 (15.4) | 1.265 | 0.261 | | Rhinitis/sinusitis | 317 (51.0) | 38 (73.1) | 8.546 | 0.003 | | MARS-A≥4.5/n(%) | 301 (48.4) | 17 (32.7) | 4.137 | 0.042 | | Correct inhaler technique/n(%) | 140 (22.5) | 17 (32.7) | 2.245 | 0.134 | | Pulmonary function/n(%) | | | | | | FEV1%pred<80% | 2 (0.3) | 17 (32.7) | 171.928 | 0.000 | | FEV1/FVC<80% | 0 (0) | 7 (13.5) | 72.019 | 0.000 | | Small airway dysfunction① | 32 (5.1) | 40 (76.9) | 251.658 | 0.000 | | EOS>300 μL-1/n(%) | 329 (52.9) | 46 (88.5) | 23.176 | 0.000 | | IgE>200 (IU·L-1)/n(%) | 260 (41.8) | 47 (90.4) | 43.733 | 0.000 | | FeNO>20 or 25 ppb②/n(%) | 390 (62.7) | 52 (100.0) | 27.947 | 0.000 | | C-AST or ACT<20/n(%) | 51 (8.2) | 52 (100.0) | 305.321 | 0.000 |
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