| Capability | | | |
| Psychological capability | Knowledge | Knowledge of ACP | →Getting more information about ACP can help patients to understand its significance[23] →Patients do not know, do not understand or misunderstand the related concepts of ACP[19] |
| | Education level | →Cultural education can help patients engage in discussion APC[26] |
| Behavioural regulation | Prior experience | →Patients with disease experience are more likely to discuss ACP[23] |
| Physical capability | Skills | Cancer site | →Lung cancer patients are more likely to complete advanced directives/Durable Power of Attorney (DPOA) than brain cancer patients[23] |
| Opportunity | | | |
| Social opportunity | Social influences | Race/ethnicity | →Hispanic patients prefer a family-centered, physician-informed approach to discussing ACP with consideration and incorporation of their religious medical beliefs about end-of-life care[26] |
| | Religious belief | →Overly optimistic religious beliefs will affect patients' discussion about ACP[26] |
| | Family support | →Patients hope to have open communication with family members[23] →Involving family in conversations about end-of-life care can help Latinos to communicate[26] →No close relatives agree to take responsibility for preventing patients from engaging in ACP[23] →No close relatives can be trusted for preventing patients from engaging in ACP[23] |
| | Doctor-patient relationship | →Patients prefer for the trusted doctors to initiate ACP conversations[22-23, 26] →Patients hope to have open communication with physician[23] →Patients' preconceived notions of clinicians' professional responsibility may hinder public discussion of future health care goals and values[22] |
| | Social support | →Providing culturally counseling services and educational materials can help patients learn how to communicate information about ACP[26] |
| | Acculturation | →A key regulator of how patients view ACP is their cultural adaptation to local norms of care, behavior, and communication[22] |
| Physical opportunity | Environmental context and resources | Place of living | →Living in rural areas has a positive impact on patients' willingness to participate in ACP[22] |
| Motivation | | | |
| Reflective motivation | Intentions | ACP attitude | →Uncertainty about the timing of patients' engagement in ACP[19, 23] →Patients believe that engagement in ACP increases negative emotions[19] →Patients question whether ACP itself can be carried out smoothly[19] →Patients' belief in an uncertain future may hinder public discussion of future health care goals and values[22] |
| Goals | ACP belief | →Patients hope to make the best medical decisions and avoid unnecessary medical measures[23] |
| Beliefs about capabilities | ACP motivation | →Having the opportunity to discuss disease information openly with families and doctors will increase patients' willingness to engage in ACP[23] |