Objective To evaluate the clinical value of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy for the diagnosis of nipple discharge. Methods Diagnoses of 3 427 cases of nipple discharge by fiberoptic ductoscopy and pathological diagnoses of 1 789 cases of them undergoing surgical treatments were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 3 427 cases of nipple discharge examined by fiberoptic ductoscopy, there were 2 051 cases of intraductal neoplasm (benign or malignant). A total of 1 532 patients with benign neoplasm undergoing surgery and 1 176 of them were pathologically diagnosed with central or peripheral intraductal papilloma. There were 80 patients with malignant neoplasm undergoing surgery and 52 of them were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer. The coincidence rate of diagnosis of central or peripheral intraductal papilloma and breast cancer by fiberoptic ductoscopy was 76.76% and 83.87%, respectively. Conclusion Diagnosis of nipple discharge by fiberoptic ductoscopy has a certain accuracy and is a good examination method for patients with nipple discharge.