Abstract: Severe defects and deformities of face and neck normally arise from burns, tumor extirpation and trauma. They had long been a major therapeutic challenge in the realm of plastic and reconstructive surgery on account of massive involvement of skin and soft tissues, combined composite tissue injuries, high demands on aesthetic and functional outcomes, and scarce suitable reconstructive materials. After an extensive review of literature published recently, this article delineated up-to-date developments in autologous reconstruction and face allotransplantation, especially their indications and limitations in treating these patients. Meanwhile, an outlook on opportunities and challenges of these two treatment modalities was given.

Key words:  face reconstruction, soft tissue expansion, pre-fabricated flap, pre-laminated flap, face allotransplantation