Associations between paraben exposure and pulmonary function in preschool children in Shanghai

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2022.08.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective ·To investigate the association of exposure to parabens, a class of common used preservatives in food, drugs and personal care products, with pulmonary function in preschool children. Methods ·A total of 136 preschool children aged 5?7 years old were recruited from Shanghai children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2019 to January 2020. Baseline information such as children's age, height, body mass index (BMI), and annual family income were collected. Urine samples were taken, and the concentrations of five kinds of urinary paraben were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), including methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MeP), ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EtP), propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PrP), butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (BuP) and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (BzP). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between the 25th and 75th percentile of forced vital capacity (FEF_25-75) were measured by using pulmonary function instrument. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the associations between paraben exposure and pulmonary function indexes in children. Results ·In the 136 preschool children, the average age and BMI were (5.76±0.84) years and (15.78±2.96) kg/m² respectively, 59 (43.4%) were males, and 13 (9.6%) were obese children. The detection rates of MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP and BzP were 97.8%, 86.8%, 99.3%, 77.9% and 11.8%, respectively; the median creatinine-adjusted levels of MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP were 36.12, 3.88, 1.50 and 0.06 μg/g, respectively. After adjusting age, sex, height, BMI, preterm birth, and annual family income, the results of multiple linear regressions suggested significantly negative associations between MeP and FVC (β=-0.018, 95%CI-0.035?-0.001, P=0.044), PrP and FEV₁ (β=-0.032, 95%CI-0.051?-0.013, P=0.013), BuP and FVC (β=-0.018, 95%CI-0.034?-0.002, P=0.038), as well as BuP and FEV₁ (β=-0.021, 95%CI-0.041?-0.001, P=0.047). Conclusion ·Preschool children in Shanghai may be widely exposed to parabens, and exposure to parabens is negatively associated with child pulmonary function.

Key words: preschool children, paraben, pulmonary function, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)

CLC Number:

R725.6

HU Yi, DING Guodong. Associations between paraben exposure and pulmonary function in preschool children in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2022, 42(8): 1103-1109.

Figures/Tables 4

TrendMD

References 25

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Paraben	Detection rate/n （%）	Creatinine-unadjusted level/（μg·L^-1）				Creatinine-adjusted level/（μg·g^-1）
Paraben	Detection rate/n （%）	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀
MeP	133 （97.8）	4.24	16.42	57.84	158.08	9.73	36.12	126.03	333.71
EtP	118 （86.8）	0.28	2.08	16.21	85.03	0.43	3.88	47.37	159.51
PrP	135 （99.3）	0.17	0.64	5.95	25.26	0.41	1.50	14.00	58.40
BuP	106 （77.9）	0.00^①	0.04	0.15	0.72	0.01	0.06	0.23	1.42
BzP	16 （11.8）	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	0.01	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	0.02

Paraben	Detection rate/n （%）	Creatinine-unadjusted level/（μg·L^-1）				Creatinine-adjusted level/（μg·g^-1）
Paraben	Detection rate/n （%）	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀
MeP	133 （97.8）	4.24	16.42	57.84	158.08	9.73	36.12	126.03	333.71
EtP	118 （86.8）	0.28	2.08	16.21	85.03	0.43	3.88	47.37	159.51
PrP	135 （99.3）	0.17	0.64	5.95	25.26	0.41	1.50	14.00	58.40
BuP	106 （77.9）	0.00^①	0.04	0.15	0.72	0.01	0.06	0.23	1.42
BzP	16 （11.8）	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	0.01	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	0.02

Index	Total （n=136）	Male （n=59）	Female （n=77）	P value
FVC/L	1.16 （1.01， 1.39）	1.22 （1.05， 1.47）	1.11 （0.98， 1.36）	0.023
FEV₁/L	1.02 （0.84， 1.20）	1.07 （0.87， 1.30）	0.96 （0.83， 1.15）	0.050^①
FEV₁/FVC/%	86.65 （80.89， 91.04）	86.05 （81.32， 90.27）	86.93 （80.32， 91.66）	0.940
PEF/（L·s^-1）	1.96 （1.60， 2.30）	2.02 （1.72， 2.37）	1.92 （1.48， 2.18）	0.086
FEF_25-75/（L·s^-1）	1.06 （0.75， 1.38）	1.14 （0.79， 1.39）	1.02 （0.70， 1.31）	0.161

Index	Total （n=136）	Male （n=59）	Female （n=77）	P value
FVC/L	1.16 （1.01， 1.39）	1.22 （1.05， 1.47）	1.11 （0.98， 1.36）	0.023
FEV₁/L	1.02 （0.84， 1.20）	1.07 （0.87， 1.30）	0.96 （0.83， 1.15）	0.050^①
FEV₁/FVC/%	86.65 （80.89， 91.04）	86.05 （81.32， 90.27）	86.93 （80.32， 91.66）	0.940
PEF/（L·s^-1）	1.96 （1.60， 2.30）	2.02 （1.72， 2.37）	1.92 （1.48， 2.18）	0.086
FEF_25-75/（L·s^-1）	1.06 （0.75， 1.38）	1.14 （0.79， 1.39）	1.02 （0.70， 1.31）	0.161

Paraben	Log FVC^①		Log FEV₁^①		Log FEV₁/FVC^①		Log PEF^①		Log FEF_25-75^①
Paraben	β （95%CI）	P value	β （95%CI）	P value	β （95%CI）	P value	β （95%CI）	P value	β （95%CI）	P value
MeP	-0.018 （-0.035‒-0.001）	0.044	-0.017 （-0.047‒0.013）	0.155	-0.006 （-0.017‒0.005）	0.495	-0.014 （-0.036‒0.008）	0.206	-0.024 （-0.071‒0.023）	0.367
EtP	-0.003 （-0.015‒0.009）	0.738	0.009 （-0.003‒0.021）	0.102	0.005 （-0.004‒0.014）	0.471	0.006 （-0.014‒0.026）	0.805	0.009 （-0.018‒0.036）	0.379
PrP	-0.016 （-0.034‒0.002）	0.120	-0.032 （-0.051‒-0.013）	0.013	-0.006 （-0.015‒0.003）	0.264	-0.007 （-0.029‒0.015）	0.531	-0.036 （-0.081‒0.009）	0.217
BuP	-0.018 （-0.034‒-0.002）	0.038	-0.021 （-0.041‒-0.001）	0.047	0.000 （-0.008‒0.008）	0.939	-0.008 （-0.034‒0.018）	0.357	-0.018 （-0.061‒0.025）	0.383