Objective To detect the expression of macrophage surface antigen CD68 and microvessel density (MVD) in tissues of nasal polyps in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and explore their correlation. Methods The expression of CD68 and MVD in tissues of nasal polyps in 73 patients with CRSwNP (CRSwNP group) were determined by immunohistochemistry SP method, and 30 patients having nasal septal deviation without CRSwNP and history of allergic diseases were served as control group. The correlation of expression of CD68 with MVD in tissues of nasal polyps in CRSwNP group was explored. Results Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression of CD68 and MVD in tissues of nasal polyps in CRSwNP group were significantly higher than those in nasal septal mucosa in control group (P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of CD68 and MVD in tissues of nasal polyps in CRSwNP group (r=0.871, P<0.01). Conclusion The development of CRSwNP may be associated with the activation of macrophages and angiogenesis.