Exosomes are small secreted vesicles, which play key roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes can be released by different types of cells, and help to exchange membrane and transfer proteins, mRNA, microRNA and organelles between cells. Exosomes modulate normal physiological processes by transforming gene regulatory network or epigenetic reorganization. Recent studies have found that exosomes secreted by stem cells can transport mRNA, microRNA and proteins effectively, and play an important role in regulating tissue regeneration. The generation of exosomes and the research progress of exosomes in stem cells are reviewed in this paper.