Objective To analyze the survival and relevant influence factors of patients with first diagnosed bipolar disorder and being treated by medicines. Methods Clinical data of 785 patients with first diagnosed bipolar disorder were collected. The survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. The survival and influence factors were statistically analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model for patients after being treated for one year. Results Among 785 patients, the cumulative survival rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 months after treatment were 0.98, 0.96, 0.95, 0.94, and 0.65, respectively. By the end of follow-up, 82 patients died and the mortality rate was 10.4%. The mortality rate during twelve months after first treatment was 4.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the somatic diseases and combined antipsychotic drug treatment programs were relevant to the survival time of patients. Conclusion For patients with first diagnosed bipolar disorder, early combined antipsychotic drug treatments can prolong the survival time of patients and increase the mortality rate. Somatic diseases are dangerous factors that influence the survival of patients.