Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) is the largest class of ncRNAs with a transcript length from 200 to several thousand nucleotides and have no known proteincoding potential. LncRNAs can regulate the gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through a wide range of mechanisms. More and more studies suggest that lncRNAs play a critical role in the development of central nervous system. Some types of lncRNAs can regulate the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) towards neuronal lineages, while other types of lncRNAs can regulate the differentiation of NSCs towards neuroglia lineages. This paper reviews the latest progresses of studies on the differentiation of NSCs regulated by lncRNAs and provides new ideas for exploring the development of the nerve system.