Objective To explore the effects of fractions of adipose tissue on the fibrogenesis during wound healing and their possible mechanisms. Methods The models of incised wounds of the dermal tissue and adipose tissue were established in the same animal. The characteristics of fibrogenesis of the adipose tissue during wound healing were determined by the histological examination. Mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) were separated from the adipose tissue in vitro and the effects of two fractions on the proliferation and collagen production of dermal fibroblasts were observed. Results Compared to the dermal tissue, the extent of fibrogenesis of the adipose tissue was lesser. Mature adipocytes promoted the necrosis or apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts and SVF of the adipose tissue promoted dermal fibroblasts to secrete type I collagen. Conclusion Mature adipocytes and SVF in the adipose tissue influence the proliferation and collagen production of fibroblasts. This may be one of cytological mechanisms that can account for the characteristics of fibrogenesis of adipose tissue after being injured.