Objective To investigate current status and influencing factors of growth and development of children under 3 years old in minority areas of western Sichuang and to provide evidences for developing efficient healthcare measures. Methods Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method was adopted to randomly sample children under 3 years old and their guardians from 60 villages in two towns. Guardians were investigated by the questionnaire and the height and weight of children were examined. The logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine influencing factors of growth and development of children. Results A total of 482 children under 3 years old and their guardians were investigated. The rates of prenatal examination, institutional delivery, low-birth-weight infant, fetal macrosomia, stunting, low body mass, wasting, and malnutrition of these children were 65.7%, 33.6%, 5.8%, 8.3%, 15.5%, 15.1%, 10.0%, and 26.0%, respectively. The age, educational level, and income of guardians, delivery place, and early start of breast-feeding were major factors that influenced the indexes of growth and development. Conclusion The guardians of children in minority areas of western Sichuang lack enough knowledge of health care of children. Growth indexes of children are lower than the average indexes of the country and fail to meet requirements of the Outline of the Program for Chinese Children's Development (2011-2020). Therefore, appropriate and effective measures for promoting the health education are required to improve the knowledge of health care during the pregnant and perinatal period and scientific feeding of children.