Objective To investigate the specific nursing knowledge of nurses of the Department of Pediatric Oncology and analyze the influencing factors. Methods The questionnaire of specific nursing knowledge of nurses of the Department of Pediatric Oncology was designed based on the literature review. A total of 182 nurses from 14 Chinese grade A tertiary hospitals with Department of Pediatric Oncology were surveyed. The data were collected through the SurveyMonkey online investigation system. Results For 63.6% of all items of specific knowledge, the average score of nurses of the Department of Pediatric Oncology was lower than 2.5. The differences of total score and scores of items relevant to the disease, symptom, operation skills, occupational protection, nursing education, and nursing management of nurses with different ages and titles were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The specific nursing knowledge of nurses of the Department of Pediatric Oncology is not satisfactory, especially for the palliative care knowledge. The specific nursing knowledge of nurses with different background was also different. Attention should be paid to the importance of specific nursing knowledge, so as to enrich the connotation of specific nursing and improve the nursing value.