Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of intensive treatments for inpatients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of a grade A tertiary hospital in Xinjiang and explore the effectiveness and economy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI). Methods The prevalence survey was adopted and the cost-effectiveness of two intensive treatments was compared by the cost-effectiveness ratio and sensitivity analysis. Results The unit costs of CSII group and MDI group were 6 215.59 yuan and 5 809.14 yuan, respectively. For effectively treated cases, the costs of CSII group and MDI group for patients to achieve the normal blood glucose level 1 d earlier were 2 972.67 yuan and 4 224.83 yuan; the costs for effective rate to increase one percent were 227.36 yuan and 929.46 yuan; and the costs for average blood glucose level to decrease 1 mmol/L on the day that the normal blood glucose level was achieved were 1 246.40 yuan and 2 643.53 yuan. The results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with that of the cost-effectiveness ratio analysis, which showed that the results of cost-effectiveness analysis were stable and reliable. Conclusion The effects of CSII treatment are better than those of the MDI treatment. CSII treatment is an effective, reasonable, and economic treatment.