Objective To translate the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPSC) into Chinese and verify the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of NHSOPSC. Methods The NHSOPSC was translated and adjusted according to Chinese culture. Three hundred and twenty-two personnel in 6 nursing homes were surveyed by questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of NHSOPSC were verified by expert opinion, factor analysis, and calculation of reliability coefficients. Results The Chinese version of NHSOPSC consisted of 23 items. The exploratory factor analysis extracted six common factors, which could explain 65.28% of the total variance and the factor loading of each item ranged from 0.451 to 0.892. The Cronbachs α of the total scale was 0.884 and the Cronbachs α values of subscales were 0.841, 0.804, 0.737, 0.757, 0.866, and 0.815 respectively. The test-retest reliability of the total scale was 0.904 and the test-retest reliability values of subscales were 0.913, 0.786, 0.963, 0.895, 0.951, and 0.709， respectively. The test-retest correlation was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion The Chinese version of NHSOPSC is reliable and valid and can be used as an effective tool for assessing the patient safety culture in Chinese nursing homes.