Objective · To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving radical resection. Methods · Clinical data of 250 HCC patients with DM receiving radical resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2000 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Basic clinical data and prognostic factors were summarized and analyzed. Results · 230 male patients (92.0%) and 20 female patients (8.0%) were enrolled with an average age of (53.15±8.73) years. The preoperative median course of DM was 36 months and there were 42.0% (105/250) of patients with DM for more than 5 years. Edmondson grade III was the main pathological type of HCC, accounting for 65.6%. The multivariate analysis revealed that the number of tumors, hemoglobin level, and treatment after recurrence were prognostic factors for HBV-related HCC patients with DM. Conclusion · This kind of HCC frequently occurs in overweight or obese male liver cirrhosis patients with a chronic hepatitis B history and a DM course of more than 3 years. Monitoring should be enhanced for these patients. The comprehensive treatment after recurrence is helpful for improving their prognosis.