Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy is a new type of immunotherapy, which has been developed rapidly in recent years. By using gene recombination and transfection techniques, CAR-modified effector T cells that specially recognize tumor-associated antigen was produced, which show better properties of targeting, killing activity and durability than conventional T cells. With the development of translational medicine research, CAR-T technology has experienced four generations of optimization and innovation, and presented a promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of various cancers, especially hematological malignancies. However, there are also potential risks with clinical use of this new technology, such as the off-target effect and cytokine storm. In this review, the progress, side effects, coping strategy, and development prospects of CAR-T in hematological malignancies immunotherapy were discussed.