With the proposal of the concept of precision surgery, doctors pay more attention to the precious balance of removing target lesions, protecting organs, and controlling damage. The application of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) facilitates the realization of precision surgery. This paper summarizes the origination and development of ICT, as well as its wide applications in neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and maxillofacial surgery. Although ICT has many disadvantages to be improved, such as high radiation dose and high cost, it is still a good choice for improving the precision of treatment.