Objective · To assess the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients and analyze the prognostic factors for this treatment.  Methods · The medical history of 112 patients with mCRPC treated in Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, including 70 patients in the chemotherapy-naive setting and 42 in the post-chemotherapy setting, were retrospectively reviewed. Coprimary end points were prostate specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA PFS), radiographic PFS (rPFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors that were associated with PSA PFS, rPFS and OS.  Results · At a median follow-up of 20.2 months, 59 (52.7%) patients had died. The median PSA PFS, rPFS and OS were 8.9 (7.8 ～ 10.0) months, 9.7 (9.0 ～ 10.4) months, and 22.2 (20.3 ～ 24.1) months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, previous chemotherapy, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio ( ≥ 3 vs<3), serum lactate dehydrogenase level ( ≥ 196 U/L vs<196 U/L) and ECOG PS ( ≤ 1 vs 2) were independent predictors for PSA PFS and rPFS, and previous chemotherapy, ECOG PS ( ≤ 1 vs 2) remained significant predictors for OS.  Conclusion · These results further support the favourable profile of AA plus prednisone in patients with mCRPC in China. Previous chemotherapy, ECOG PS ( ≤ 1 vs 2) remained significant predictors for OS.