Objective · To investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) and hemoperfusion (HP) combination treatment on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods · A total of 80 MHD patients in Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine July 2017 to July 2018 were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., HD+HP group (n40) and HD group (n40). The patients were followed up every 3 months for 1 year. The changes of laboratory indexes, dialysis adequacy indicators and quality of life scores of Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) were compared between the two groups, and the prognosis, causes of death and adverse events were recorded. Results · At the endofone-year treatment,levels ofparathyroidhormone (PTH), β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),high sensitiveC-reactiveprotein (hsCRP),interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andleftventricular mass index (LVMI)weresignificantly lower in HD+HPgroupthanthose inHD group(P<0.05), while the level of hemoglobin and the KDQOL-SF score were significantly higher in HD+HPgroup than those in HD group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the indexes of iron metabolism, calcium, phosphorus, albumin and urea clearance index (Kt/V) between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall mortality rates of HD+HP group and HD group were 12.5% and 32.5%, respectively. No significant adverse events were observed during the follow-up. Conclusion · The effects ofHDcombinedwith HPonclearingmiddle andlarge moleculartoxins,reducing microinflammation status,and improvingrenal anemia and left ventricular hypertrophy are better than those of only HD. There may be potential advantages of HD and HP combination in improving quality of life in MHD patients as well.