Objective · To analyze the clinical features of meconium peritonitis (MP) and the related factors influencing its prognosis. Methods · Fifty-four patients with MP who received surgical intervention at department of pediatric intensive care unit , Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2006 to May 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and divided into complication group (n=24) and non-complication group (n=30). Risk factors of the two groups after operation were analyzed, including general condition, prenatal diagnosis and preoperative value of C-reactive protein (CRP), independent-samples t test, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Results · Compared with the non-complication group, days of admission and operation after birth were longer; the gestational age and the birth weight were lower (all P<0.05) in the complication group; the CRP value of the complication group was higher than that of the non-complication group (P=0.048). The prenatal diagnosis percentage of the non-complication group was higher than that of the complication group (P=0.039). However, there was no statistical significance in gender, Apgar score, surgical procedure, delivery type and prenatal ultrasound findings. Conclusion · Prenatal ultrasound detection with MP and early surgical treatment can improve the prognosis, and the preoperative inflammation level has a certain predictive value for the prognosis of children.