Objective · To investigate the clinical effect of periodontal initial therapy on uremic peritoneal dialysis patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods · Thirty-three uremic patients with chronic periodontitis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were included. They were randomly divided into experimental group (16 cases, receiving both periodontal initial therapy and peritoneal dialysis treatment) and control group (17 cases, receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment). The periodontal clinical indexes including plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), and laboratory indexes including parathyroidhormone (PTH), serum creatinine (Scr), C-reactive protein (CRP), red blood cell (RBC), blood glucose and hemoglobin (Hb) of the two groups were detected before and after treatment. The differences of the above indexes between groups and within groups were statistically analyzed. Results · Compared with baseline before treatment, the periodontal clinical indexes of the experimental group were improved at 3 months after treatment (all P<0.05), and the laboratory indexes Scr and CRP were also improved (both P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between periodontal clinical indexes and laboratory indexes in uremic peritoneal dialysis patients with periodontitis. Conclusion · Periodontal initial therapy can improve the periodontal and systemic symptoms in uremic peritoneal dialysis patients with chronic periodontitis.