Objective · To analyze the correlation between basic information, clinicopathological characteristics, anti-tumor treatment options, prognosis and anemia in lung cancer patients. Methods · The clinical data and laboratory indexes of 246 patients with lung cancer from August 2013 to November 2014 were collected. According to the occurrence of anemia after the anti-tumor therapy, the patients were divided into anemia group and non-anemia group. And according to the survival time, they were divided into survival group and death group. Chi-square test, t test and rank sum test were used to compare the related factors of anemia and prognosis in different patient groups, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin level and anemia-related factors in anemia group. Results · After anti-tumor therapy, 175 patients (71.1%) developed anemia, mainly mild anemia. Anti-tumor treatment with platinum-based chemoradiotherapy could easily cause anemia (P=0.000). There were significant differences between the anemia group and the non-anemia group in tumor stage, Performance Status score, secondary disease and serum albumin level (all P<0.05). And the hemoglobin level in anemia group was positively correlated with the serum albumin level (r=0.498, P=0.000). Compared with the death group, the levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum iron and folic acid in the survival group were higher, and the levels of serum ferritin, glycosylated hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase in the survival group were lower (all P<0.05). Conclusion · The occurrence of anemia in lung cancer patients is affected by many factors, and is related to the prognosis. Therefore, the treatment of anemia should be given enough attention, and attention should be paid to individualized treatment.