With the development of science and technology, more and more attention has been paid to perioperative microcirculation management. In anesthesia, with the influence of anesthetics, non-anesthetic drugs, surgery, fluid therapy and other factors, microcirculation disorder exists in humans. The benefits of fluid therapy for microcirculation have been more popular than other factors. Anesthesiologists or experts in intensive medical all have ever put forward the concept of microcirculation-oriented fluid therapy or fluid resuscitation, which lacks a large number of clinical studies. At present, the sidestream dark field technology can realize the bedside, non-invasive and real-time monitoring of body microcirculation, and it safely comes into practice in clinical background. It helps monitor the state of microcirculation timely, and thus it's believed that the microcirculation and prognosis of patients can be improved by adjusting the category of fluid and controlling the infusion speed and fluid volume. Microcirculation-oriented fluid therapy will undoubtedly become an important direction of anesthesia management in the future. This article reviews the relative research progress in perioperative microcirculation.