Objective To analyse the influencing factors for therapeutic effects of ¹³¹I therapy for hyperthyroidism. Methods One hundred and sixty-four patients undergoing ¹³¹I therapy for hyperthyroidism were followed up for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The information of patients including general conditions, clinical findings, laboratory data and results of thyroid function tests were collected, and retrospective analysis was carried out with binary Logistic regression analysis. Results Multi-variate binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that exophthalmos （F=5.171, P<0.05）, free thyroxine (FT4）levels（F=4.714，P<0.05）and 24 h ¹³¹I uptake rate before treatment （F=4.314，P<0.05）were major influencing factors for therapeutic effects of 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism. The positive and negative prediction accuracy of therapeutic effects were 87.8% and 45.5%, respectively, and the total prediction accuracy was 70.7%. Conclusion The dose of ¹³¹I administered in the therapy of hyperthyroidism depends on exophthalmos, FT4 levels and 24 h 131I uptake rate before treatment. Influencing factors should be comprehensively considered in individual therapy so as to decrease the incidence of failure and reach the optimal therapeutic effect.