With the rapid development of modern medical techniques, the survival time of patients with cancer has been greatly extended, and chronic stress injury induced by cancer (cancer-related post-traumatic stress disorder, PTST) has aroused increasingly more attention. There were significant differences between cancer-related PTST and traditional PTSD. Modern neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single proton emission computed tomography (SPECT), are powerful tools for research of mechanisms of tumor-related mental disorders. The application of neuroimaging in research of tumor-related PTSD is reviewed in this paper.