Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of compliance of peripherally inserted central catheterization (PICC) among patients with tumor in top first-class hospitals. Methods Self-designed questionnaire of compliance of PICC among patients with tumor in top first-class hospitals was adopted, and convenient sampling was used to investigate the compliance of PICC in 80 patients who were suited for PICC and were not performed PICC. The investigation included will of PICC, general data, basic medical condition, level of worry and awareness for PICC. Results The compliance of PICC in all the patients was 72.5%. Higher educational background, medical insurance coverage, poorer condition of vein during hospital stay and better support from family led to higher compliance of PICC (P<0.05), while gender, working condition, marital status and family monthly income had no significant impact on compliance of PICC (P>0.05). A total of 48.7% of patients learned the main knowledge of PICC from medical staff. Patients with higher level of worry had lower compliance of PICC, and patients who disagreed to perform PICC got higher score of worry (24.88±6.02) than those who agreed (19.14±3.30) (P<0.01). Conclusion There is much room for improvement for compliance of PICC in patients. Nurses should take influencing factors into full consideration, enhance introduction of PICC to patients, and promote PICC step by step.