Objective To observe the clinical outcomes of pterygium excision with mitomycin C combined with conjunctival autografting in treatment of pterygium. Methods A total of 139 patients (153 eyes) with pterygium undergoing pterygium excision were treated with conjunctival autograft combined with mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL, wet packing on sclera for 2 min). All patients were followed up for 1 year, and postoperative complications were assessed. Results Pterygium recurred in 6 eyes (3.92%). Delayed conjunctival wound healing took place in 11 eyes (7.19%), superficial punctate keratitis occurred in 9 eyes (5.88%), and no special treatment was conducted. Conjunctival flap melting took place in 7 eyes (4.58%), sclera without vascularization occurred in 2 eyes (1.31%), glaucoma happened in 1 eye (0.65%), and topical treatment with drugs were effective. Conjunctival granuloma took place in 2 eyes (1.31%), corneoscleral melting occurred in 2 eyes (1.31%), and topical treatment with drugs and surgery were adopted. Conclusion Conjunctival autografting combined with mitomycin C in pterygium excision may decrease the recurrence of pterygium, but may lead to the complications such as corneoscleral melting. Exclusion of immunological diseases before operation, proper wet packing during operation and regular follow-up after operation can reduce the occurrence of complications.