Cyclophilin A (CyPA) participates in the whole development process of atherosclerosis through its receptor molecule CD147. During the process, cell injury, apoptosis and activation were caused, and dysfunction of endothelial cells emerged. The migration of leukocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes to atherosclerotic lesions occurred, various inflammatory cytokines were produced, and inflammation was aggravated. The secretion of matrix metalloproteinases from macrophages was induced, and the instability of atheromatous plaques was increased. The formation of foam cells induced by macrophages' internalization of lipids was mediated, and the formation of fatty streaks was accelerated. Besides, the incrassation and reconstruction of vascular walls mediated by the proliferation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells were promoted. Therefore, research on the roles of CyPA and CD147 may provide new directions for atherosclerosis intervention.