Objective To study the technical parameters of chitosan-modified polypropylene mesh, and observe the adhesion behavior of rabbit adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) on the modified mesh. Methods Chitosan of 1 g, 1.25 g and 1.5 g were respectively dissolved into the mixture of 2% acetic acid solution, 5% glutaraldehyde solution and 50% n-heptane solution, and 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% chitosan mould solutions were obtained. Polypropylene meshes were modified by different concentrations of chitosan mould solutions, and then the chitosan-modified polypropylene meshes were obtained. Rabbit ADSCs were cultured with chitosan-modified polypropylene meshes for 24 h, and the adhesion behavior of cells on materials was observed. Results Chitosan-modified polypropylene meshes were harder than non-modified polypropylene meshes, and the plasticity of polypropylene meshes decreased with the concentration increase of chitosan solutions. Polypropylene mesh modified by 3.0% chitosan solution had the phenomenon of uneven coating. After co-culture for 24 h, rabbit ADSCs grew well on modified polypropylene meshes, while there was no rabbit ADSCs growing on the non-modified polypropylene meshes. Conclusion The ideal concentration of the chitosan solution for modified polypropylene mesh is 2.5%, and chitosan-modified polypropylene mesh is suitable for rabbit ADSCs adhesion.