Vascular anomalies include hemangioma and vascular malformation, and about 60% of the lesions are found in the head and neck region. Although there are many treatment modalities reported for vascular disease, great challenges still exist for clinicians because of their unknown etiology and difficulties in management. The classification of vascular disease plays an important role in the selection of treatment modalities. This paper summarized the classification and terminology, as well as the treatment principles for vascular disease, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive and sequential approaches based on the authors´ experience and relevant literatures. The related research achievements gained the first prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress and the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress.