Objective To investigate the status of foot self-care knowledge and behaviors in patients with diabetes mellitus, and analyse the influencing factors. Methods Two hundred and ninety-two patients with diabetes mellitus were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire on diabetic foot recognition, foot self-care knowledge and behaviors. Results Only 30.5% patients mastered over 60% of correct knowledge and behaviors. Patients showed deficiency in recognition of diabetic foot, knowledge on daily foot self-examination and behaviors, while had some learning on choosing proper shoes and socks. The status of knowledge and behaviors of patients was influenced by the gender, age, education, level of hospital and guidance from diabetes specialist nurses. Conclusion Patients with diabetes mellitus may lack of foot self-care knowledge and proper behaviors. Systematic educational approaches on foot care should be introduced to enhance the awareness and ability of foot self-care.