Progress in relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

In the era of digitalization, the Internet has changed people's lifestyle and circadian rhythm, and has also brought the global problem of technology addiction. Many studies have shown that chronotype is significantly related to specific technology addiction (such as Internet, smartphones, video games and social media), which makes chronotype become a new perspective to explore the occurrence, development and maintenance of technology addiction. Individuals can be classified into three chronotypes: morning type (M-type), neither type (N-type) and evening type (E-type). Most studies showed that E-type was the risk factor in the onset and maintenance of problematic technology use. At present, most of the prior research focused on the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction, and there were few studies on the mechanism. Based on this situation, this paper discusses physiological factors (such as reward system), psychological factors (such as depression), individual factors (such as gender, age, personality traits and sleep patterns) and environmental factors (such as parental style), analyzes the relationship with Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model and life history theory from the perspectives of etiology and evolution, and reviews the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism.

Key words: chronotype, technology addiction, reword system, Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model, life history theory

CLC Number:

R749.6⁺9

WU Yujing, GUO Qian, LIU Xiaohua, LI Guanjun. Progress in relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), 2023, 43(4): 487-494.

Figures/Tables 1

TrendMD

References 71

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Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Measure		Comment (when individuals are more inclined to evening type)
Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Chronotype	Addiction
Internet addiction	LIN et al., 2013^[14]	2 731 college students (19.40±3.60; 52.4%)	MES	YBOCS-IU	↑ Compulsive Internet use
	RANDLER et al., 2014^[17]	616 college students (20.81±1.97; 27.9%)	CSM	IA Scale	↑ Internet addiction
	KANG et al., 2015^[13]	325 adults (20‒49; 48.9%)	MEQ	YIAS	↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	OH et al., 2016^[15]	2 632 college students (19.16±0.91; 48.9%)	CSM	KIAT	↑ Internet addiction
	XU et al., 2018^[19]	3 572 college students^① (freshmen and juniors; 34.5%)	MES	IAT	↑ Internet addiction ↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	CHUNG et al., 2020^[21]	765 adolescents (15.07±1.36; 60.9%)	MES	YIAS	No significant difference in Internet addiction between different chronotypes
	KOO et al., 2021^[18]	8 565 high-school students (16.77±0.85; 52.1%)	MEQ	IAPS	↑ Internet addiction
	PRZEPIORKA et al., 2021^[16]	398 college students (20.37±2.29; 28.9%)	CSM	IAT	↑ Problematic Internet use mental disorder ↑ Problematic Internet use time management disorder
	YI et al., 2021^[20]	7 457 college students^① [≤17 (15.1%), 18 (64.6%) and ≥19 (20.2%); 53.5%]	MEQ	IAT	↑ Internet addiction
Social media addiction	LIN et al., 2021^[25]	1 791 young adults (27.2±10.1; 30.1%)	rMEQ	BSMAS	↑ Problematic social media use
	BLACHNIO et al., 2015^[22]	633 Facebook users (20.78±4.80; 35.9%)	CSM	FBI Scale; FIQ	↑ Intensity and frequency of Facebook usage ↑ Facebook intrusion
	HORZUM et al., 2022^[24]	981 college students (20.82±2.39; 26.9%)	CSM	FAS	↑ Facebook addiction
Internet gaming addiction	VOLLMER et al., 2014^[31]	741 adolescents (12.89±1.05; 60.2%)	CSM	CGAS	↑ Computer game usage time ↑ Computer game addiction
	KÜÇÜKTURAN et al., 2022^[30]	922 high-school students (16.0±1.04; 42.7%)	CSM	CASfA	↑ Computer game addiction
	DAĞ et al., 2022^[29]	109 children (9.20±1.45; 49.5%)	CCTQ	CASfC	↑ Computer game addiction ↑ "Can not give up playing games" subscale scores ↑ "Neglecting responsibilities because of computer games" subscale scores
Smartphone addiction	TODA et al., 2015^[27]	182 college students (male: 21.70±2.60, female: 21.0±2.1; 67.0%)	MEQ	MPDQ	↑ Smartphone dependence
	RANDLER et al., 2016^[36]	342 younger adolescents (13.39±1.77; 51.5%); 208 older adolescents (17.07±4.28; 29.8%)	CSM	SAPS for younger adolescents; SAS-SV for older adolescents	↑ Smartphone addiction
	DEMIRHAN et al., 2016^[33]	902 college students (20.42±1.90; 27.0%)	CSM	MPPUS	↑ Problematic mobile phone usage
	RANDJELOVIC et al., 2021^[35]	77 college students^① (20‒22; both genders)	MEQ	SAS-SV	↑ Problematic smartphone use
	BAĞCI et al., 2022^[32]	346 college students (19.60±2.56; 32.7%)	CSM	SAS-SF	↑ Smartphone addiction
	KANG et al., 2020^[34]	Baseline: 940 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.8%) One-year follow-up: 902 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.5%)	rMEQ	MPIQ	↑ Mobile phone involvement ↑ Mobile phone addiction behaviors
	LI et al., 2022^[37]	999 college students (18.80±1.20; 37.7%)	MEQ	SQAPMPU	↑ Score trajectories of problematic mobile phone use

Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Measure		Comment (when individuals are more inclined to evening type)
Technology addiction	Literature	Basic information of subjects (age/year; male proportion)	Chronotype	Addiction
Internet addiction	LIN et al., 2013^[14]	2 731 college students (19.40±3.60; 52.4%)	MES	YBOCS-IU	↑ Compulsive Internet use
	RANDLER et al., 2014^[17]	616 college students (20.81±1.97; 27.9%)	CSM	IA Scale	↑ Internet addiction
	KANG et al., 2015^[13]	325 adults (20‒49; 48.9%)	MEQ	YIAS	↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	OH et al., 2016^[15]	2 632 college students (19.16±0.91; 48.9%)	CSM	KIAT	↑ Internet addiction
	XU et al., 2018^[19]	3 572 college students^① (freshmen and juniors; 34.5%)	MES	IAT	↑ Internet addiction ↑ Incidence of Internet addiction
	CHUNG et al., 2020^[21]	765 adolescents (15.07±1.36; 60.9%)	MES	YIAS	No significant difference in Internet addiction between different chronotypes
	KOO et al., 2021^[18]	8 565 high-school students (16.77±0.85; 52.1%)	MEQ	IAPS	↑ Internet addiction
	PRZEPIORKA et al., 2021^[16]	398 college students (20.37±2.29; 28.9%)	CSM	IAT	↑ Problematic Internet use mental disorder ↑ Problematic Internet use time management disorder
	YI et al., 2021^[20]	7 457 college students^① [≤17 (15.1%), 18 (64.6%) and ≥19 (20.2%); 53.5%]	MEQ	IAT	↑ Internet addiction
Social media addiction	LIN et al., 2021^[25]	1 791 young adults (27.2±10.1; 30.1%)	rMEQ	BSMAS	↑ Problematic social media use
	BLACHNIO et al., 2015^[22]	633 Facebook users (20.78±4.80; 35.9%)	CSM	FBI Scale; FIQ	↑ Intensity and frequency of Facebook usage ↑ Facebook intrusion
	HORZUM et al., 2022^[24]	981 college students (20.82±2.39; 26.9%)	CSM	FAS	↑ Facebook addiction
Internet gaming addiction	VOLLMER et al., 2014^[31]	741 adolescents (12.89±1.05; 60.2%)	CSM	CGAS	↑ Computer game usage time ↑ Computer game addiction
	KÜÇÜKTURAN et al., 2022^[30]	922 high-school students (16.0±1.04; 42.7%)	CSM	CASfA	↑ Computer game addiction
	DAĞ et al., 2022^[29]	109 children (9.20±1.45; 49.5%)	CCTQ	CASfC	↑ Computer game addiction ↑ "Can not give up playing games" subscale scores ↑ "Neglecting responsibilities because of computer games" subscale scores
Smartphone addiction	TODA et al., 2015^[27]	182 college students (male: 21.70±2.60, female: 21.0±2.1; 67.0%)	MEQ	MPDQ	↑ Smartphone dependence
	RANDLER et al., 2016^[36]	342 younger adolescents (13.39±1.77; 51.5%); 208 older adolescents (17.07±4.28; 29.8%)	CSM	SAPS for younger adolescents; SAS-SV for older adolescents	↑ Smartphone addiction
	DEMIRHAN et al., 2016^[33]	902 college students (20.42±1.90; 27.0%)	CSM	MPPUS	↑ Problematic mobile phone usage
	RANDJELOVIC et al., 2021^[35]	77 college students^① (20‒22; both genders)	MEQ	SAS-SV	↑ Problematic smartphone use
	BAĞCI et al., 2022^[32]	346 college students (19.60±2.56; 32.7%)	CSM	SAS-SF	↑ Smartphone addiction
	KANG et al., 2020^[34]	Baseline: 940 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.8%) One-year follow-up: 902 college students (19.10±0.90; 36.5%)	rMEQ	MPIQ	↑ Mobile phone involvement ↑ Mobile phone addiction behaviors
	LI et al., 2022^[37]	999 college students (18.80±1.20; 37.7%)	MEQ	SQAPMPU	↑ Score trajectories of problematic mobile phone use