Objective · To observe the changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in SD rats after olanzapine treatment. Methods · Twenty female SD rats were randomly assigned to two groups, control group and olanzapine treatment group, respectively. During the treatment period, body weight and food intake of two groups were monitored. At the end of treatment, the liver tissues were collected and LC/MS technique was applied to detect metabolites in liver tissue. Subsequently, the raw data were converted for further analysis on the MetaboAnalysis platform. Results · Short-term olanzapine administration resulted in significant increases in body mass, food intake, and impaired glucose tolerance. Metabonomics results indicated rats olanzapine treatment group had a significantly higher level of primary bile acid and 9-OxoODE (9-oxo-octadecadienoic acid) in liver tissue than those control group. Conclusion · Primary bile acid biosynthesis process is significantly enhanced after short-time olanzapine treatment.