A 16-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital because of "gradual decline in visual acuity for more than 4 months". Ocular fundus examination revealed yellowish old hemorrhage in the macular area of both eyes, and fresh hemorrhage in the superficial retinal layer of the right eye. The patient had a history of bone marrow recurrence with previous acute myeloid leukemia (AML). After bone marrow transplantation in the Department of Hematology and Oncology, the patient's vision was improved and fundus hemorrhage was absorbed. Before the diagnosis of relapse of AML, the patient's vision had declined, but she did not go to the ophthalmology clinic in time. For leukemia patients, doctors are recommended to carry out adequate education for possible extramedullary symptoms and suggest regular ophthalmology consultations. If concomitant symptoms occur, it is suggested that multidisciplinary doctors should cooperate in diagnosis and treatment in order to obtain better therapeutic effect, restore visual function and improve the quality of life of patients.