Neurocritical care is an important subspecialty in neurosurgery, engaged in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of various neurosurgical conditions, particularly emergencies and critical diseases. These patients often present with complex and dynamic conditions. Effectively mitigating secondary injuries to the central nervous system, reducing surgical and postoperative stress responses, and preventing and managing severe complications are critical to lowering mortality and disability rates in neurosurgical care, but remain major clinical challenges. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) employs a series of evidence-based perioperative optimization measures to reduce surgical injury and stress, promote functional recovery, shorten hospital stays, and lower medical costs, demonstrating significant advantages across multiple surgical disciplines. However, in the high-risk and complex neurocritical care patient population, there is still a lack of systematic ERAS practice and related clinical research, both domestically and internationally. Therefore, actively exploring and implementing ERAS in neurocritical care, scientifically optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, management measures, and overall clinical processes, and systematically evaluating its safety and efficacy, hold significant clinical importance. Such efforts will not only provide critical evidence-based medical support for the development of consensus on ERAS in neurocritical care and neurosurgery, but also promote the standardized application and dissemination of the ERAS concept in the field of neurosurgery in China, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of medical care.