上海交通大学学报（医学版）

上海交通大学学报（医学版）

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诺如病毒胃肠炎的研究进展

于意   

  1. 上海交通大学 医学院附属瑞金医院北院儿内科， 上海 201801
  • 出版日期:2015-11-28 发布日期:2016-01-13
  • 作者简介:于意(1981—)， 主治医师， 硕士; 电子信箱: yuyiforward@163.com。

Research progresses of norovirus gastroenteritis

YU Yi   

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Ruijin North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai  201801, China
  • Online:2015-11-28 Published:2016-01-13

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摘要：

诺如病毒是世界各地散发及暴发性病毒性胃肠炎的主要病原体之一，给患者造成了沉重的经济负担，危害人类健康。该病毒可分为6个基因群，超过35个基因型，GⅠ、GⅡ为主要致病基因群，人类组织-血型抗原系统（HBGAs）及肠道微生态在病毒感染过程中发挥了关键作用。病毒培养尚未成功，粪便标本的real-time RT-PCR检测是诺如病毒鉴定的金标准。病毒主要通过粪-口途径传播，在社区及医疗看护机构中易造成暴发流行，老年人及免疫抑制者可发生严重感染，主要通过补液对症治疗缓解临床症状，尚无有效疫苗预防感染。

关键词: 诺如病毒, 病毒性胃肠炎, 肠道微生态

Abstract:

Norovirus has been recognized as an important cause of epidemic or sporadic viral gastroenteritis, which results in heavy economic burden and health problems all over the world. Noroviruses can be classified into 6 genogroups, including more than 35 genotypes. GI and GII are main pathogenic genogroups. Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and intestinal microbial ecosystem play important roles in norovirus infection. Norovirus cannot be cultured in vitro and currently real-time RT-PCR is considered as the gold standard test for identifying the norovius. Norovirus mainly spreads via the fecal-oral route and outbreaks may occur in community or healthcare institutions. Old people and immune suppressed persons may be severely infected. Effective vaccine is not available and the main treatment is symptomatic treatment such as fluid infusion to alleviate clinical symptoms.

Key words: norovirus, viral gastroenteritis, intestinal microbial ecosystem