获得性异位骨化(AHO)是严重创伤、烧伤、神经系统损伤和人工关节置换术后常见并发症，常会造成预后不良。虽然非甾体类抗炎药物（NSAIDs）和放射治疗是预防和治疗AHO的经典方法，但其有效性近年来逐渐受到质疑，放射治疗的系统性并发症也日益得到重视，故而必须开发能够有效预防AHO的新途径。通过分析AHO的危险因素，深入挖掘新型NSAIDs和放射治疗预防AHO的机制，结合手术干预能够有效地减低AHO的发生率和危害性。对AHO发生机制的深入理解也促使了新型靶向预防和治疗方法的诞生，尤其是维甲酸受体靶点药物可能带来AHO预防策略的根本性变革。

Acquired heterotopic ossification (AHO) is a common complication following severe trauma, burning, cerebrospinal injuries, and artificial joint replacements and often leads to unsatisfactory prognosis. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and radiotherapy have been the classical methods for prevention and treatment of AHO, their effectiveness is doubted in recent years and the systemic complications induced by radiation therapy (RT) cannot be ignored. Therefore, new methods for the effective prevention of AHO have to be developed. The incidence and severity of AHO can be effectively reduced through analyzing risk factors, revealing preventive mechanisms of new NSAIDs and RT, and combining with surgical interventions. The deep insight into the mechanism of AHO has resulted in targeted preventive and therapeutic methods, especially retinoic acid receptor target drugs that may bring revolutionary changes.