目的 探讨microRNA-24 (miR-24)表达对黄曲霉毒素B1 （AFB1）相关性肝细胞癌（HCC）预后的影响。方法 收集来自AFB1高暴露区TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的HCC患者（n=207）手术切除标本，通过TaqMan-PCR技术检测肿瘤组织中miR-24的表达情况，通过风险比例回归模型及逻辑回归模型分析miR-24表达与HCC预后及临床病理学特征的关系。结果 高miR-24表达影响HCC总体生存及肿瘤无复发生存（P<0.01），增加总体死亡风险及肿瘤复发风险分别为2.58倍和3.75倍，这种风险作用在有高AFB1暴露时更为明显，对应风险值分别为8.13（95％CI:4.46~14.84）和11.75（95％CI:5.15~26.79）。miR-24表达与HCC肿瘤大小、分化程度及血管密切相关（P<0.05），并调节AFB1-DNA加合物水平。结论 miR-24表达影响AFB1相关性HCC的预后，并可调节HCC临床病理特征。

Objective To explore the effects of microRNA-24 (miR-24) expression on the prognosis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 207 patients with Ⅰ-Ⅱ TNM-stage HCC from high AFB1 exposure areas were selected and the corresponding surgical resection samples were collected. Expression levels of MiR-24 in the tumor tissue samples were detected by the TaqMAN-PCR technique. Cox’s regression model and logistic regression model were adopted to analyze the relationship between the miR-24 expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological features of HCC. Results Elevated expression level of miR-24 affected overall survival and tumor recurrence-free survival (P<0.01). The overall death risk and tumor recurrence risk were increased by 2.58 times and 3.75 times. This risk effect was more noticeable under high AFB1 exposure condition and the corresponding risk values were 8.13 (95%CI: 4.46-14.84) and 11.75 (95%CI: 5.15-26.79), respectively. The expression level of miR-24 was closely correlated with primary tumor size, tumor differentiation, and micro-vessel density (P<0.05), and could regulate the level of AFB1-DNA adducts. Conclusion The miR-24 expression affects the prognosis of AFB1-related HCC and regulates the clinicopathological features of HCC.