肥胖的发病率正在世界范围内上升，已成为威胁人类健康和降低人类生活质量的全球性疾病。作为一种遗传因素、环境因素及生活方式相互作用的复杂疾病，肥胖会引起高脂血症、高血压、心血管疾病、代谢综合征和非乙醇性脂肪性肝病等疾病。肠道菌群的代谢活动影响着宿主的营养、代谢及免疫功能等，是影响肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的一个重要的环境因素。文章主要就肠道菌群与肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的关系及作用机制进行综述。

The incidence of obesity is on the rise globally. Obesity has become a global disease that threatens human health and reduces the quality of human life. As a complicated disease affected by the interaction of genetic factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle, obesity can cause diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolic activities of gut microbiota affect nutrition, metabolism, and immune functions of the host. Therefore, gut microbiota is an important environmental factor affecting obesity and metabolic disorders relevant to obesity. This paper reviews the relationships among gut microbiota, obesity, and metabolic disorders relevant to obesity and their affecting mechanisms.