目的 分析5种重大疾病患者住院费用的影响因素及费用结构，探讨大病保险可行的控费措施。方法 运用新灰色关联法，使用SPSS 19.0和Excel 2010对江苏省某市2013年5种重大疾病患者（共2 184例）住院费用的5类构成进行定量分析，计算各因素对住院费用的关联度，找出主要的费用影响因素。结果 新灰色关联分析关联度计算结果表明该地区5种重大疾病患者的住院费用中，西药费是最主要影响因素，其次为治疗费，检验检查费、中药费和其他费用影响较低。结论 新灰色关联法的结果接近实际，计算简明，适用于重大疾病患者住院费用各构成影响因素的分析。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and structure of hospitalization expense of patients with 5 major diseases and explore feasible measures of controlling the hospitalization expense. Methods The new grey relational analysis was adopted and 5 components of hospitalization expense of 2 184 patients with 5 major diseases in 2013 were quantitatively analyzed by SPSS 19.0 and Excel 2010. The relationship of each factor and hospitalization expense was calculated and the major influencing factor of the expense was identified. Results The results of relationship calculation of new grey relational analysis showed that the drug cost was the most important influencing factor of hospitalization expense of patients with 5 major diseases and the treatment cost was the second important influencing factor. The influence of other costs such as examination costs and costs for traditional Chinese medicine was relatively less. Conclusion The results of new grey relational analysis is close to the reality and the calculation is simple. It is suitable for analyzing the influencing factors of hospitalization expense of patients with major diseases.